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“三大从句”要点解密

2019-03-26黑龙江孙淑元

疯狂英语·新策略 2019年5期
关键词:中考题语序时态

黑龙江 孙淑元

☆考点回放

状语从句、宾语从句和定语从句被称为初中阶段的“三大从句”,在各地的中考英语试题中,几乎都有它们的身影。现结合2018年各地的中考真题,对“三大从句”的考点做一个归纳:

一、状语从句

状语从句指起副词作用并充当状语的句子,用以修饰谓语、非谓语动词或整个句子。状语从句包括时间状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、程度状语从句、目的状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、地点状语从句和方式状语从句等。对状语从句的考查,主要集中在引导词和时态两个方面。例如:

1.—It has been much easier for me to go to work _________shared bikes appeared.

—But they also caused plenty of problems.

【2018·宜昌中考题】

A.since B.before

C.unless D.though

【答案与解析】A 考查引导词。since意为“自从……”,引导时间状语从句;before意为“在……以前”,引导时间状语从句;unless意为“除非”,引导条件状语从句;though意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。本句是时间状语从句,可排除C、D选项。根据句子结构和语境可知,before不合句意。故选A项。

2.Many people like pandas_________they are cute.

【2018·北京中考题】

A.though B.if

C.while D.because

【答案与解析】D 考查引导词。though意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句;if意为“如果”,引导条件状语从句;while意为“当……时候”,引导时间状语从句;because意为“因为”,引导原因状语从句。根据句意可知,前、后句具有因果关系。故选D项。

3.—Thank you for telling me so much knowledge about nature.

—Don't mention it. ________you have more questions,come to me any time.

【2018·乐山中考题】

A.If B.Because C.Though

【答案与解析】A 考查引导词。根据句意“——谢谢你告诉我这么多关于自然的知识。——别客气。如果你有更多的问题,随时找我。”可知,画横线的句子应该是条件状语从句。故选A项。

4.Jack _________a shower when his mother rang him up.

A.takes B.has taken

C.is taking D.was taking

【2018·云南中考题】

【答案与解析】D 考查时态。主句和从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作均发生在过去,when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词的动作发生时,主句的谓语动词正在发生中,要用过去进行时态。故选D项。

5.—When is the school art festival?

—It will be held on time if it_________next Monday.

【2018·南充中考题】

A.don't rain B.won't rain

C.doesn't rain D.didn't rain

【答案与解析】C 考查时态。若主句谓语动词为一般将来时态,那么在由if、when、before、as soon as、until等词引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来的动作。故选C项。

6.While Nick ________CCTV News,someone knocked at the door.

【2018·乌鲁木齐中考题】

A.watched B.was watching

C.watch D.watches

【答案与解析】B 考查时态。主、从句的谓语动词的动作均发生在过去,由while引导的时间状语从句多用过去进行时,主句多用一般过去时态。故选B项。

二、宾语从句

在复合句中充当宾语,常位于及物动词或介词之后的从句称为宾语从句。对宾语从句的考查,主要集中在连接词、语序和时态三个方面。例如:

1.Before you start reading,ask yourself _________you are reading this book.Most people read for two main reasons,pleasure or knowledge.

【2018·南京中考题】

A.why B.what

C.where D.when

【答案与解析】A 考查连接词。why意为“为什么”,表示原因;what意为“什么”,询问对象;where意为“在哪里”,表示地点;when意为“何时”,表示时间。根据“Most people read for two main reasons,pleasure or knowledge.”可知,此处应该填写询问原因的连接副词。故选A项。

2.—Excuse me,I wonder ________the plane can land on time.

—Wait a minute,please.Let me check it out.

【2018·吉林中考题】

A.if B.which C.that

【答案与解析】A考查连接词。句意:——打扰了,我想知道这架飞机是否能准时着陆。——请稍等一下,让我查一查。根据句意和结构可知,应选A项。

3.—Excuse me,could you please tell me _________from here to the airport?

—Sure,It's about 100 kilometers.

【2018·临沂中考题】

A.how far it is

B.how long it takes

C.how far is it

D.how long does it take

【答案与解析】A 考查语序。分析句子结构可知,待填写的内容应该是充当动词tell的直接宾语。由于宾语从句要用陈述语序,排除C、D选项。又根据答语可知,问句询问的是距离。故选A项。

4.—Could you tell me _________?

—Oh,she is the world’s first robot citizen,Sophia.

【2018·盐城中考题】

A.what the tall girl is

B.what is the tall girl

C.who the tall girl is

D.who is the tall girl

【答案与解析】C 考查语序。根据答句可知,问句询问的是某人,排除A、B选项。宾语从句应该用陈述语序,而D项是疑问语序。故选C项。

5.We couldn't find out _________,so we wrote a “Lost and found”.

【2018·西宁中考题】

A.whose it was bike

B.whose bike it was

C.whose bike was it

D.whose was it bike

【答案与解析】B 考查语序。根据句意“我们没能查明这是谁的自行车,所以写了一个‘失物招领’”可知,横线处填写的内容应该是充当动词词组find out的宾语从句。A、D选项中的whose后要紧接名词bike,属不符合语法规范,C项是疑问语序。故选B项。

6.—Could you please tell me _________?

—Sorry,I don't know.You may ask Mr.Black over there.

【2018·南充中考题】

A.who does the robot belong to

B.who the robot belongs to

C.who did the robot belong to

D.who the robot belonged to

【答案与解析】B 考查语序与时态。主句的谓语动词为过去时态,宾语从句中的谓语动词要用相应的过去时态;主句中的谓语动词是现在或将来时态,宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态不受主句时态的限制,可根据实际情况使用合适的时态。本句中的could虽然是can的过去式形式,但由于“Could you please tell me_________?”句式表示问话者的委婉语气,而并非表过去,是属于一般现在时态。根据答句可知,此从句应用一般现在时,先排除C、D选项;又由于宾语从句应该用陈述语序,排除A项。故选B项。

三、定语从句

在复合句中,用以修饰某一个名词或代词的从句,叫作定语从句。根据《义务教育英语课程标准》的规定,初中阶段对定语从句只做最基本的要求。定语从句的考查要点主要集中在关系词that、which、who、whom和whose等的选用上。例如:

1.That's the boy _________won the first prize in the competition yesterday.

【2018·宜宾中考题】

A.who B.which C.whom

【答案与解析】A 考查关系代词。当先行词表示人时,定语从句要用关系代词who、whom、whose或 that引导。who在定语从句中作主语;whom是宾格形式,在定语从句中作宾语;whose在定语从句中作定语;that在定语从句中可代替who或whom作主语或宾语。该句的先行词为指人的名词boy,关系代词需要作定语从句的主语。故选A项。

2.—What do you think of the showReaderson CCTV?

—It's a great TV show________expresses our true feelings by reading aloud in public.

【2018·咸宁中考题】

A.whom B.who

C.whose D.that

【答案与解析】D 考查关系词。当先行词表示事物时,定语从句要用关系代词which、whose或that引导。which既可作主语,也可作宾语;whose作定语;that既可以作主语也可以作宾语。该句中的先行词是指物的名词TV show,关系代词需要作定语从句的主语。故选D项。

3.We are talking about the piano and the pianist ________were in the concert last night.

【2018·眉山中考题】

A.that B.which

C.who D.whom

【答案与解析】A 考查关系词。当先行词为两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的单词时,关系代词应该用that。该句的先行词为指物的名词the piano和指人的名词the pianist。故选A项。

4.—Qingdao is the most beautiful city ________I've ever been to.

—So it is.Many international meetings are held there every year.

A.that B.which C.what

【2018·哈尔滨中考题】

【答案与解析】A 考查关系词。当先行词为all、little、much、everything、nothing、anything、something等,或先行词被序数词、形容词最高级以及the only、the very等修饰时,关系代词要用that。该句的先行词city被形容词最高级the most beautiful所修饰。故选A项。

☆检测训练

根据句意,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出正确的选项。

1.—Do you know________Ann goes to work every day?

—Usually by underground.

A.why B.how

C.when D.whether

2.Johnson won't answer the phone if he________the number.

A.knew B.doesn't know

C.will know D.didn't know

3.Jack opened the door and rushed into the rain ________I could stop him.

A.until B.after

C.before D.unless

3.According to a survey,people______are able to speak two languages can man age two things at the same time more easily.

A.which B.whom

C.whose D.who

5.It's time to say goodbye to my school.I'll never forget the days _________we spent together.

A.that B.whatC.who D.when

6.—Could you tell me _________?I'm going to pick you up at the airport.

—At 15:45 this Friday.

A.where you met me

B.who you are coming with

C.when you came here

D.what time you are arriving

(答案见第63页)

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