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上前牙美学区种植修复使用角度基台的三维有限元分析

2019-03-13石平许哲李哲王淼常晓峰杜良智

中国美容医学 2019年2期
关键词:有限元法

石平 许哲 李哲 王淼 常晓峰 杜良智

[摘要]目的:探讨分析上颌前牙美学区种植修复使用角度基台的影响因素。方法:建立仿真模型,运用三维有限元法(Finite Element Method,FEM)分析4.0mm直径、10mm和13mm长度(Length,L)的种植体连接不同角度基台(0°、10°、20°、30°)的生物力学性能。结果:随着基台角度增大,种植修复系统、皮质骨、松质骨各部位应力及应变递增,分布更集中;与0°角度基台对比,使用 30°角度基台可增加34.8%(L13mm)、39.5%(L10mm)的皮质骨区最大应力,增加18.1%(L13mm)、39.6%(L10mm)的松质骨区最大应力;同时,皮质骨区最大应变增加64.0%(L13mm)、64.4%(L10mm),松质骨区最大应变增加23.9%(L13mm)、57.2%(L10mm);种植体长度增加3mm,皮质骨和松质骨周围最大应力能减少10.6%~18.2%,皮质骨区的最大弹性形变减少2.1%~2.2%,松质骨区的最大弹性形变减少17.9%~25.4%;负载下,各组模型在连接接近20°角度基台时,皮质骨应变已接近骨弹性阈值。结论:基台角度越大,种植系统及牙槽骨所受应力、应变越大越集中;上前牙区4mm直径种植体建议连接小于20°的角度基台,以减少局部皮质骨应力应变;增加种植体长度一定程度上可减小应力和分散应变。

[关键词]角度基台;种植;有限元法;上前牙区;美学区

[中图分类号]R782.12    [文献标志码]A    [文章编号]1008-6455(2019)02-0106-04

Abstract: Objective  To explore influences of angled abutments connected with implant restoration in anterior maxilla aesthetic area. Methods  Established simulation models and utilized finite element method (FEM) analysing biomechanical properties of implants (Diameter, 4.0 mm; Length, 10mm and 13mm) with different angled abutments(0°,10°,20°,30°). Results  With the increase of abutment angle, values of stress and strain of all parts increased, and distributions of stress and strain of all parts became more concentrated;  Compared with 0°abutment, connected with 30° angled abutments lead to increases in stress, which were 34.8%(L13mm),39.5%(L10mm)in cortical bone and 23.9%(L13mm),57.2%(L10mm)in cancellous bone, and increases in strain, which were 64.0%(L13mm),64.4%(L10mm)in cortical bone and 23.9%(L13mm),57.2%(L10mm)in cancellous bone. Cortical bone elastic deformations may exceed the bone elastic threshold when angle of abutments got bigger than 20 °.An increase of 3mm in implant length lead to a 10.6%~18.2% decrease of stress in cortical and cancellous bone, and a 2.1%~2.2%  decrease of strain in cortical bone. Conclusion With abutment angle increase, stresses and strains got bigger and more concentrated in the abutment, cortical and cancellous bone; Abutments with angle less than 20° were safer for implant(Diameter 4mm) restorations in anterior maxilla area regarding stress and strain distribtion in cortical bone. Increases of the implant length may helps to  the distribution of force to a certain extend.

Key words: angled abutment; implant; finite element method(FEM); anterior maxilla; aesthetic area

上前牙美學区域牙齿缺失进行种植修复时常需使用角度基台, 研究表明,种植修复体连接角度基台时会使得局部应力更集中,更有可能导致种植体周围骨吸收和远期种植修复的美学效果及使用时间[1]。目前,关于上前牙美学区种植修复使用角度基台的临床研究较少[2]。为探索上颌前牙美学区种植修复使……

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