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重型颅脑损伤后颅内压、脑温和直肠温度的监测及意义

2019-01-13金科褚荣涛孙成法张志越程序曲施振华支文勇赵富文

中外医疗 2019年31期

金科 褚荣涛 孙成法 张志越 程序曲 施振华 支文勇 赵富文

[摘要] 目的 探討重型颅脑损伤后颅内压(ICP)、脑温(BT)以及直肠温度(RT)的变化规律及意义。 方法 方便选择该院2015年8月—2018年11月间收治的31例重型颅脑损伤患者作为实验对象;对31例重型颅脑损伤患者(27例手术治疗,4例保守治疗)进行连续的ICP、BT、RT监测,并分析之间的关系。结果 3个月后随访:预后良好7例(22.6%),5例中残(16.1%),8例重残(25.8%),5例植物生存(16.1%),6例死亡(19.4%)。死亡病例的BT、RT持续降低,BT0.05)。BT>RT,RT同BT之间表现为正相关(r=0.647,P<0.05)。手术病例的ICP在术后缓解,以后逐步增高,后逐步恢复正常。保守病例的ICP逐步增高,后逐渐恢复正常。RT 与BT的差值,伴随着ICP的逐渐增高,死亡组中呈逐步增加;重残组、植物生存组中呈逐步减小,随着ICP逐步正常而逐步增加。而良好组以及中残组中差值未表现出此种变化。在存活组中,将ICP以≤20 mmHg,20~30 mmHg,30~40 mmHg,≥40 mmHg分为4组,BT和RT的差值分别为:(1.1±0.5)℃,(0.7±0.3)℃,(0.5±0.3)℃,(0.2±0.1)℃,各组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 BT、RT与ICP无明显联系。BT与RT存在联系,但不能简单地以RT替代BT。监测BT、ICP对预后评估及临床治疗有重要价值。

[关键词] 重型颅脑损伤;颅内压;脑温;直肠温度;预后

[中图分类号] R651          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-0742(2019)11(a)-0025-03

Monitoring and Significance of Intracranial Pressure, Brain Temperature and Rectal Temperature after Severe Head Injury

JIN Ke1, CHU Rong-tao2, SUN Cheng-fa2, ZHANG Zhi-yue2, CHENG Xu-qu2, SHI Zhen-hua2, ZHI Wen-yong2, ZHAO Fu-wen2

1.Department of Neurosurgery, Taicang City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taicang, Jiangsu Province, 215400 China; 2.Department of Neurosurgery, Second People's Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, Jiangsu Province, 215500 China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the changes and significance of intracranial pressure (ICP), brain temperature (BT) and rectal temperature (RT) after severe craniocerebral injury. Methods A total of 31 patients with severe craniocerebral injury from August 2015 to November 2018 were convenient selected as subjects. 31 patients with severe craniocerebral injury (27 surgical treatments and 4 conservative treatments) underwent continuous ICP and BT, RT monitoring, and analysis of the relationship therebetween. Results Follow-up after 3 months: good prognosis in 7 patients (22.6%), 5 patients with disability (16.1%), 8 patients with severe disability (25.8%), 5 plants survival (16.1%), and 6 deaths (19.4%). The BT and RT of the death cases continued to decrease, BT0.05). BT>RT, RT and BT showed a positive correlation(r=0.64,P<0.05). The ICP of the surgical case was relieved after the operation, and gradually increased gradually, and then gradually returned to normal. The ICP of conservative cases gradually increased, and then gradually returned to normal. The difference between RT and BT, accompanied by the gradual increase of ICP, gradually increased in the death group; the weight loss group and the plant survival group gradually decreased, and gradually increased with the ICP gradually normal. The difference between the good group and the middle group did not show such a change. In the survival group, ICP was divided into 4 groups with ≤20 mmHg, 20~30 mmHg, 30~40 mmHg, ≥40 mmHg. The difference between BT and RT was: (1.1±0.5)°C, (0.7±0.3)°C, (0.5±0.3) °C and (0.2±0.1) °C. There was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between the groups. Conclusion There is no obvious relationship between BT, RT and ICP. BT has a connection with RT, but it cannot simply replace BT with RT. Monitoring BT and ICP is of great value for prognosis assessment and clinical treatment.

[Key words] Severe craniocerebral injury; Intracranial pressure; Brain temperature; Rectal temperature; Prognosis

对于重型颅脑损伤患者而言,脑温(BT)、颅内压(ICP)对预后判断有重要价值。由于测温复杂等系列因素的影响,临床治疗过程中常用直肠温度(RT)判断脑温[1-2]。该院于2015年8月—2018年11月间对31例重型颅脑损伤患者进行了持续的ICP、BT、RT监测,对三者之间的联系进行分析,探讨它们的变化规律及意义,以指导治疗和判断伤情,使患者有更好的預后,现报道如下。

1  资料与方法

1.1  一般资料

重型颅脑损伤患者男22例、女9例。年龄25~66岁,平均年龄为40.1岁。高处坠落伤5例,车祸伤26例。27例手术治疗,4例保守治疗。患者受伤至入院时间0.6~6 h,平均2.8 h。颅内血肿合并脑挫裂伤16例,单纯颅内血肿11例,弥漫性脑肿胀4例。GCS评分3~8分,平均为5.8分。此次研究获得伦理委员会批准;患者与家属完成知情同意书签署。

1.2  方法

BT、ICP采用脑温、ICP监护仪持续监测,BT、ICP监测探头调零后于术中采用侧脑室穿刺外引流手术法置入,取发际内2 cm,中线旁2 cm相交处钻颅,平行矢状线垂直双外耳道连线垂直置入监测探头,深约3 cm,妥善固定。保守……

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