胆囊结石与2型糖尿病的共病机制
2018-12-28杨文娟罗豆豆石益萌
杨文娟 罗豆豆 石益萌
摘 要:随着人们生活水平的提高,饮食结构发生转变,胆囊结石及2型糖尿病的发病率逐年上升,且2型糖尿病患者的胆囊结石患病率明显高于其他人群,以往大量研究认为糖尿病是胆囊结石的危险因素。随着研究的深入,发现胆囊结石的发生机制与血脂、胰岛素抵抗及部分脂肪因子因素密切相关,甚至认为胆囊结石是代谢综合征的另一种表现形式。而这些因素在2型糖尿病的发生发展中同样起着重要作用。本文就对胰岛素抵抗、脂代谢、瘦素及脂联素在胆囊结石与2型糖尿病的发病中的作用机制进行综述,并阐明这种共病机制的研究在实际临床工作中的意义。
关键词:2型糖尿病;胆囊结石;共病;致病因素
中图分类号:R587.1;R575.6+2 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2018.20.009
文章编号:1006-1959(2018)20-0027-05
Abstract:With the improvement of people's living standards,the diet structure has changed,the incidence of gallstones and type 2 diabetes mellitus has increased year by year,and the prevalence of gallstones in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is significantly higher than other people.A large number of studies in the past have suggested that diabetes is a risk factor for gallstones.With the deepening of the research,it is found that the mechanism of gallstone formation is closely related to blood lipids, insulin resistance and some adipokines factors.It is even considered that gallstones are another manifestation of metabolic syndrome.These factors also play an important role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus.This article reviews the mechanisms of insulin resistance,lipid metabolism,leptin and adiponectin in the pathogenesis of gallstones and type 2 diabetes mellitus,and clarifies the significance of this comorbidity mechanism in clinical work.
Key words:Type 2 diabetes mellitus;Gallstones;Comorbid;Pathogenic factors
膽囊结石(gallstone)是一种在胆囊内发现结石的病理状态,在我国胆囊结石发病率约占10%左右,且女性患者明显高于男性,并随着年龄增长发病率呈逐年升高趋势[1]。全世界范围内约70%~80%的胆囊结石为胆固醇结石[2],一项对胆固醇结石的发病机制研究提示:胆固醇结石与胰岛素抵抗、全身炎症反应和遗传倾向的肥胖甚至于2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)都有很强的相关性[3]。2型糖尿病在我国的发病率也呈现出逐年增长的趋势,其发病机制尚不明确,目前发现主要因胰岛素抵抗造成机体对胰岛素的敏感性减低和胰岛β细胞功能减退引起胰岛素的相对分泌不足而引起机体血糖升高[4]。Agostino Di Ciaula等人通过对胆囊结石的研究指出,胆囊结石或许同T2DM的发生有着共同的发病机制,且近年来有学者认为胆囊结石或许会促进糖尿病的发生[5]。……
