基于LoRaWAN的无线低功耗抄表方法设计
2018-12-22雷婧李红信
雷婧 李红信

摘要:以LoRa为代表的低功耗、远距离网络技术的出现,有效解决了物联网复杂组网和超高功耗的难题。为进一步降低基于LoRaWAN的无线抄表系统的功耗,同时针对ZigBee、红外等无线技术在抄表方案中存在通信距离短、抗干扰能力弱的缺陷,通过对LoRaWAN无线标准协议的研究,将MCU系统和LoRa技术相结合,设计了一种基于LoRaWAN无线通讯技术的智能抄表系统。首先介绍无线抄表系统的硬件组成和功能模块的作用,其次介绍节点软件设计过程,最后得出结论,该系统实现了降低功耗的作用。
关键词:LoRa;物联网;低功耗;远距离;LoRaWAN
中图分类号:TN914.52 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1009-3044(2018)33-0036-03
Abstract: LoRa represented in low-power, long-distance network technologies appears to effectively solve the complex networks and ultra-high-power networking problems. In order to reduce the power consumption and of the wireless meter reading system based on LoRaWAN ,at the same time for the Zigbee and infrared wireless technology in the meter reading scheme defects of short communication distance and weak anti-interference ability.Through the research of LoRa wireless standard protocol, combining the MCU system and LoRa modulation technology, an intelligent meter reading system based on LoRa wireless communication technology is designed. First introduces the hardware structure of the wireless meter reading system and the function of function module. Secondly, communication protocol and node software design process are described. Finally, the results show that the system can reduce the power consumption.
Key words: LoRa; IoT; low power; long range;LoRaWAN
1 引言
低功耗广域网络技术(LPWAN,Low Power Wide Area Network)是一种物联网无线接入新技术,具有低功耗、网络扩展性强、通信距离远等优点。LoRa(Long Range)作为一种非授权频谱的LPWAN无线通信技术,以广覆盖、低功耗等特点受到了广泛关注[1]。
LoRa是一种由LoRa联盟推出的远距离通信系统,主要包含物理层和MAC层(即LoRaWAN),如图1所示。LoRa物理层采用线性调频技术(CSS,Chirp Spread Spectrum),适用于远距离、低功耗、低吞吐量的通信[2]。LoRaWAN由LoRa联盟发布,是一种基于开源的电信级MAC层协议。LoRa是一项私有技术,工作在未授权频段,使用免费的ISM频谱,具体频段及规范因地区而异[3]。LoRa 作为非授权频谱 LPWAN 技术典型代表,有广泛的应用场景,如太阳能路灯照明管理系统、远距离无线抄表系统等[4]。
随着智慧城市的发展,远距离无线抄表技术将在智能抄表应用中起到非常重要的作用。终端仪表由于无法保证持续的外部电能供应,只能依靠电池供能,所以在运行过程中必须尽可能降低平均功耗,才可以保证不间断的长期工作。……
