李明川 于博洋 袁涓文

摘要 生态补偿政策对自然资源的可持续发展具有重要意义，而森林资源是维护生态环境稳定、和谐发展的自然生态系统，对于社会生态可持续发展做出了巨大贡献。由于我国经历了多次林权制度改革，林地和林木的权属制度呈现出私有化的特点，如要保持森林生态效益的有效、稳定供给，就必须通过森林生态效益补偿机制合理地对农民进行补偿。通过对案例研究法、文献研究法、实地研究法以及PRA调查方法等的运用，对所选择的调查研究点D侗寨在林权制度改革背景下的生态补偿政策运用进行分析，并讨论在天然林保护政策、生态公益林政策、退耕还林政策的实行中D侗寨所遇到的问题，指出政府在制定相关生态补偿政策时，应当与传统林业管理方式、增加财政补偿和监督力度、增加补偿额度等方式相结合，以达到森林生态资源可持续发展的目的。

关键词 生态补偿；森林资源；集体林权制度改革

中图分类号 F326.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2018）19-0179-04

Abstract Ecological compensation policy is of great significance to the sustainable development of natural resources，and the forest resource is a natural ecosystem that maintains the harmonious development of ecological environment which make great contributions to the ecological sustainable development of the society.Due to the forest tenure reform in our country，the ownership of forest land and timber showed the characteristics of privatization，and for maintaining the forest ecological benefits supply effective and steady，then it would be reasonable to compensate the farmer through the forest ecological benefit compensation mechanism.By means of case study method，literature research method，field research method and PRA research method，and analyzed the D investigation point in the background of ecological compensation policy，and discussed the problems which D Village encountered in the implementation of natural forest protection policy，ecological public welfare forest policy and policy of reforesting formerly cultivated land.At last，it concluded that in the later of the ecological compensation policy，the government should formulate the policy in conjunction with traditional forestry management mode，increase financial compensation and supervision，increase the amount of compensation，etc. which could achieve the sustainable development of forest ecological resources.

Key words ecological compensation；forest resource；collective forest tenure reform

集體林权制度改革对我国林业生产具有至关重要的作用。确权工作的顺利实行，使大多数林农都获取了林权证，但是在实际操作中并没有切实保障林农合理使用林权以及增加林农收入。而森林生态效益补偿制度作为更好地保护生态环境、实现森林多种生态效益而制定的一种制度，以集体林权制度改革中所实行的明晰产权、放活经营权、落实处置权、保障收益权等作为基础，旨在增加社会公众的生态效益、社会效益，该政策的实行受到集体林权制度改革的影响。……