连城保护区羊肚菌人工栽培技术研究
2018-12-21李小刚蒋长生瞿学方
李小刚 蒋长生 瞿学方
摘要 为了掌握适合连城保护区的羊肚菌人工栽培关键技术,解决羊肚菌大面积种植技术难题,利用2种不同的栽培料(纯草木灰、煤灰和草木灰混合物)进行羊肚菌人工栽培试验,通过观察出菇数量确定适宜的羊肚菌栽培料。结果表明,纯草木灰栽培料较煤灰和草木灰混合物栽培料的出菇率高46%左右,且纯草木灰栽培每窝羊肚菌数量较煤灰和草木灰的混合物栽培高。
关键词 羊肚菌;人工栽培;栽培料;连城保护区;甘肃省
中图分类号 S646.7 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739(2018)19-0082-02
Abstract In order to master the key cultivation techniques of Morchella esculenta(L.)in Liancheng National Natural Reserve,and solve the technical problems for large-scale planting,artificial cultivation experiments of Morchella esculenta(L.)were conducted with two different cultivation materials(pure plant ash and mixture of coal and plant ash),then judged the appropriate cultivated materials of Morchella esculenta(L.) by observing the quantity of mushroom.The results showed that the fruiting rate of pure plant ash cultivation material was about 46% higher than that of the mixture of coal and plant ash,and the number of Morchella esculenta(L.)cultivated by the pure ash was more than that of the mixture cultivation material of coal ash and plant ash.
Key words Morchella esculenta(L.);artificial cultivation;cultivation material;Liancheng National Natural Reserve;Gansu Province
羊肚菌为马鞍菌科羊肚菌属真菌,由羊肚状的可孕头状体菌盖和不孕的菌柄组成。菌盖表面有网状棱的子实层,边缘与菌柄相连。菌柄圆筒状、中空,表面平滑或有凹槽。野生羊肚菌子实体较小或中等,为6.0~14.5 cm;菌盖呈长圆形或不规则圆形,长4~6 cm,表面淡黄褐色,形成许多凹坑,似羊肚状;柄白色,长5~7 cm、粗2.0~2.5 cm,有浅纵沟,基部稍膨大。羊肚菌是一种珍稀的食药两用菌,生长于山区森林,1年只长1次。由于受地区条件限制,产量很少,采集十分困难。羊肚菌营养丰富,香味独特,食效显著,价格昂贵。近年来,国内售价一直稳定在2 000~3 000元/kg之间,且80%的羊肚菌用于出口,特别是在西欧国家价格更加昂贵。羊肚菌市场需求量大,但野生资源已逐渐枯竭,仅靠野生资源难以满足市场需求,开展羊肚菌人工栽培是解决羊肚菌紧俏的唯一出路,具有很广阔的市场前景[1-2]。本项目在连城保护区内开展羊肚菌的人工栽培研究,以期达到大面积推广种植羊肚菌的目标;……
