毕勇 李晓春 胡艳波

摘要 本文从核桃园土壤养分变化动态、养分与树体生理、肥料与产量和品质、专用肥的研发等方面对核桃施肥技术的研究进行了归纳总结。核桃园土壤养分含量的年变化，反映核桃在一年中对不同营养元素的吸收规律；随着树龄的增加，核桃园的各种营养元素含量下降，生产上一定要施肥补充。土壤养分处于低水平时，在一定范围内增加养分含量，核桃生长量增加，氮的作用最大，其次是磷、钾；增施有机质改善了土壤环境，提高了核桃的生长量和抗逆性。核桃成熟期土壤养分状况与核仁饱满度密切相关，核桃产量和品质与不同生长发育时期中土壤、叶片中的某矿质元素含量相关，可通过调整矿质元素含量达到丰产优质的目的。以产量、品质目标建立各种矿质元素的叶片、土壤诊断时期和诊断指标的诊断体系，是精准施肥所必须的。根据土壤、气候条件和核桃生长发育的需要，在大量研究的基础上设计和生产专用肥料，可使核桃种植户较为准确地把握施肥技术。

关键词 核桃；施肥技术；土壤养分动态；核桃营养诊断；核桃专用肥

中图分类号 S664.106+.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2018）19-0077-03

Abstract This paper summarized the research on walnut fertilization techniques，including the dynamics of soil nutrient change，nutrient and tree physiology，fertilizer and yield，quality，and the research and development of special fertilizer in walnut garden.The annual change of soil nutrient content in walnut orchard reflected the absorption law of different nutrient elements in walnut orchard.With the increase of tree age，the content of various nutrient elements in walnut orchard decreased，which must be supplemented with fertilization in production.Increasing the nutrients content within a certain range when the soil nutrient level was low，nitrogen had the largest effect，followed by phosphorus and potassium.The soil environment was improved and the growth and resistance of walnut were improved by adding organic matter.The soil nutrient status in the mature period of walnut was closely related to the kernel plumpness.The yield and quality of walnut were correlated with the content of some mineral elements in soil and leaves during different growth and development period，by adjusting the content of mineral elements could achieve high yield and quality.It was necessary for accurate fertilization to establish the diagnostic system of leaves，soil diagnosis period and diagnostic indexes of mineral elements with yield and quality objectives.According to the needs of the soil，climatic conditions and walnut growth and development，the design and production of special fertilizers on the basis of a large number of studies could enable farmers to grasp the fertilization techniques of walnut more accurately.

Key words walnut； fertilization technique；soil nutrient dynamics；walnut nutrition diagnosis；walnut special fertilizer

核桃科學施肥是一项艰巨而复杂的技术，需要在综合考虑气候、土壤、品种、生长状况、前期施肥、往年产量、当年产量等诸多因素的基础上，于一年中不同生长发育阶段根据树体的需求合理配施大量元素、中量元素、微量元素。真正做到如此精准的施肥十分困难，但这是核桃科研工作者和核桃栽培者梦寐以求的目标。……