刘云 王程栋 程朝晖

摘要 为研究不同磷背景土壤磷素用量对烤烟农艺性状及生物产量的影响，通过田间试验，采用“3414”试验磷因素处理，调查烟草农艺性状，在打顶期测定各部位样品中磷素含量，计算不同磷含量土壤磷吸收效率。结果表明，不同磷背景土壤磷素用量对烤烟农艺性状影响不同；中、低磷土壤背景条件下，施用氮、钾可以促进烟株对土壤中磷的吸收；而在高磷土壤背景条件下，氮、钾对烟株吸收磷没有明显的促进作用；在低磷和高磷地塊，增加磷素用量可以增加烟田的整体和叶片生物量；低磷地块增加磷素用量可增强植株对磷素的吸收；而在中磷和高磷地块，增加磷素用量反而会降低植株对磷素的吸收效果；低磷、高磷地块单位施磷量对烟叶生物量贡献较大，且随施磷量的增加贡献越小。

关键词 烤烟；磷肥；农艺性状；生物量

中图分类号 S572；S147.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2018）19-0001-03

Abstract In order to study the effects of phosphorus levels on agronomic traits and biological yield of flue-cured tobacco under different soil phosphorus backgrounds，the phosphorus factor of "3414" test was treated to investigate the agronomic traits of tobacco，and the phosphorus content in the samples of all parts was measured at topping stage，and the phosphorus absorption efficiency of soil with different phosphorus contents was calculated. The results showed that the effect of phosphorus level on agronomic traits was different in different phosphorus background soil. Under the background of middle and low phosphorus soil，the application of nitrogen and potassium could promote the absorption of phosphorus in soil by tobacco plants. Under the background of high phosphorus soil，nitrogen and potassium had no obvious promoting effect on phosphorus absorption of tobacco plants. In low-phosphorus and high-phosphorus plots，the whole and leaf biomass of tobacco field increased as the increasing the amount of phosphorus. Increasing the amount of phosphorus in low phosphorus plots could enhance the absorption of phosphorus by plants. And increasing the amount of phosphorus in the middle and high phosphorus plots could decrease the absorption of phosphorus by plants. The contribution of per unit phosphorus to the biomass of tobacco leaves in low phosphorus and high phosphorus plots was greater，and the contribution was lower with the increasing of phosphorus.

Key words flue-cured tobacco；phosphate fertilizer；agronomic traits；biomass

磷是植物营养三要素之一，磷肥的施用会直接影响到烤烟的生长、产量以及质量。合理施用磷肥可以使植株迅速生长，提早收获；烟草烤后色泽好，油分足，组织紧密。缺磷植株生长缓慢，叶形狭长，色泽暗淡，烤后色暗无光泽；磷过多而氮不足，则叶脉突出，质地粗糙，油分少，易破碎[1-5]。适宜的磷肥用量，能使烟株生长健壮、根系发达，促进烟株对氮、钾营养的吸收和利用，从而提高烟叶的产量和品质[6-8]。据2015年检测结果分析，宝鸡地区土壤速效磷含量适宜的比例仅为32.61%，含量偏低的比例为41.30%，另有26.09%的样品有效磷含量超出适宜范围[9]。……