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新型站与Ⅱ型遥测站资料对比评估

2018-12-10黄治国韦馨丰刘东林陈怡吴伟清

科技创新与应用 2018年30期

黄治国 韦馨丰 刘东林 陈怡 吴伟清

摘 要:通过对比评估吴川气象观测站2016年1月1日-12月31日新型站与Ⅱ型遥测站的气温、气压、相对湿度、雨量、风向、风速、地面0cm温度、草温、5-20cm浅层地温、40-320cm深层地温资料,发现气压、气温、风向、风速、40-320cm深层地温资料吻合度较好,而相对湿度、地面0cm温度、草温、5-20cm浅层地温则存在差异。主要是由于仪器受到的太阳辐射、大气辐射、降雨天气的影响存在差异,撤换仪器带来的局部探测环境的变化等原因造成的。对比评估出新型站与Ⅱ型遥测站资料差异化的技术评判标准,为保证新型站原始资料质量有十分重要的意义。

关键词:地面观测;新型站;Ⅱ型遥测站;对比

中图分类号:P412.1 文獻标志码:A 文章编号:2095-2945(2018)30-0064-02

Abstract: By comparing the data of air temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, rainfall, wind direction, wind speed, ground 0 cm temperature, grass temperature, 5-20 cm shallow ground temperature and 40-320 cm deep ground temperature at Wuchuan Meteorological Observation Station from January 1 to December 31, 2016, the data of air temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, rainfall, wind direction, wind speed, ground surface 0 cm temperature and 40-320 cm deep ground temperature are compared. It is found that the air pressure, air temperature, wind direction, wind speed and 40-320 cm deep ground temperature data are in good agreement, while the relative humidity, surface 0cm temperature, grass temperature and 5-20cm shallow ground temperature are different. It is mainly due to the difference of the influence of solar radiation, atmospheric radiation and rainfall weather, and the change of local detection environment caused by the replacement of the instrument. The comparison and evaluation of the technical evaluation criteria for the data differentiation between the new type station and the Ⅱ-type telemetry station is of great significance for guaranteeing the quality of the original data of the new type station.

Keywords: ground observation; new type station; Ⅱ-type telemetry station; comparison

1 概述

多年来,气象科研人员为了提高天气预报的准确率和提高气象服务水平,利用气候资料做了大量的统计分析和预测方面的研究工作,并取得诸多研究成果[1-8]。目前,新型站自动观测已经成为广东省各个气象观测站取得气象数据的主要方式,并且实现了双套新型自动站同时运行。观测系统的变化导致观测结果之间的差异是不可避免的。从气候学的观点来看,这种差异会造成均一性数据集开发以及极端天气事件分析的误差甚至错误[9]。气象观测经历了单一的人工观测;人工观测和Ⅱ型遥测站自动化观测并行,逐步过渡到以Ⅱ型遥测站为主,人工观测为辅;Ⅱ型遥测站自动化观测和新型站自动化观测并行,逐步过渡到以新型站为主,Ⅱ型遥测站为备份站,人工观测为辅;……

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