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翻译擂台(第27期)

2018-11-28点评林巍

英语世界 2018年11期
关键词:张伯苓实则新式

点评/林巍

【原文】

[1]近代以降,许多中国先进知识分子纷纷倡导“教育救国”,兴办新式学校培养人才。[2]张伯苓痛心外侮和国家积弱,很早就提出,国家“自强之道,端在教育;创办新教育,造就新人才”,[3]从此,开始艰难曲折的教育探索,[4]先后经历了模仿日本到模仿美国,进而走上从中国国情出发,将时代性与民族性相结合,寻求民族自强和推进中国现代化的“本土化”发展道路,极大地丰富了当时中国的教育内容。

【点评】

中国近现代史上,张伯苓先生作为杰出的教育家,创办了私立南开系列学校,开中国新式教育之风。

[1]中,所谓“近现代以降”就是近现代以后、以来。有参赛者译成contemporary times,那是当代;而in modern times大体不错,但考虑到那只是“近现代”之始,故用since early modern times似更为确切;有的用了Since 1840,即以鸦片战争为标志,也有一定道理。“先进知识分子”有人译成progressive intellectuals或liberal intellectuals,前者过于直译,后者过于意译,其实不妨用一般意义上的advanced intellectuals。“兴办新式学校”,to build new schools显然过于随意:首先,build的原义是to make it by joining things together,是一种具体的动作;其次,这里的“新式”不是简单的new,而是有本质上的不同,故可用new-styled schools。“教育救国”,许多人译成了save China by education,但“通过教育……做事情”,其介词多用through,如:防范犯罪的有效方法是教育。(The best way to guard against crime is through education.)同时,鉴于“教育救国”是一种理念,故在译文中应加上the idea of。

故此,整句不妨译为:Since early modern times,many advanced intellectuals in China advocated the idea of “saving the country through education” and set up new-styled schools to train new talents.

[2]中,不少参赛者按照原文顺序翻译,如Zhang Boling felt deeply grieved at foreign bullying and Chinese weakness,thus…、Zhang Boling mourned the aggression and insult from foreign countries,as well as the accumulative weaknesses of the country、Zhang was extremely distressed by the insults from outside and the weakness inside,so he…等,实则对于此类句子的翻译不妨使用状语从句,以更有表现力,如:鲁迅对于国民的愚昧程度极为失望,故决定弃医从文。(So disappointed with the nation’s ignorance,Lu Xun decided to abandon medicine for literature.)对于“自强”,大都译成self-improvement、self strength等,其实self-reliance更妥。“端(在教育)”,有的译成end,显然是理解错误,该词在文言中有“开头”之意,如:“恻隐之心,仁之端也”(《孟子·公孙丑上》);“不见水端”(《庄子·秋水》)等。此处表其重要性,即“源于……”。“新人才”,因前面已有new talents,不必重复,可将其意含在“新教育”(new type of education)之中。

整句可译为:Deeply saddened by foreign aggression and national weakness,Zhang Boling (1876—1951)had long proposed that “the way to self-reliance lies in education;that is to nurture talent by promoting a new type of education”.

[3]前虽为逗号,但译文不妨另起一句,以更清晰。“艰难曲折的教育探索”,有的译得很“实”,如they initiated arduous and tortuous educational exploration、we ushered in an era of educational exploration with twists and turns等,多少有些“过了”。不妨将张伯苓教育改革的性质融入进去:From then on,he started an arduous exploration of education reform.

[4]中,用了两个“模仿”,不必译成imitated Japan and emulated America,而可合为一个词。其实,此处“因羡慕而仿效”,不妨用copy。“推进中国现代化”译成promote China’s modernization过于直白,特别是要考虑该句宾语是“(走上)‘本土化’发展道路”,故要对句式做较大调整。“丰富了……教育内容”,一般译成了enriched the content of education,过于字面化。实则,这里指的是“教学实践”(teaching practice)。

故此,全句不妨译为:It went through a process of copying Japan and the United States,before embarking on localization to improve national self-reliance and modernize China,in which modernity and nationality were combined according to the basic condition of the country and greatly enriched teaching practice in China.□

【优胜者】

王成(上海)秦建梅(甘肃)@Crystal王美祺

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