1例居家患者无典型症状留置胃管误入气管的原因分析及预防对策
2018-11-27王爱军
王爱军
[摘要]我院管路小组成员在为出院带管的居家患者提供管路更换的上门服務过程中,出现1例胃管误入气管无典型症状致“吸入性肺炎、肺不张”的严重病例,患者一度出现神志模糊。本文从解剖因素、患者因素、胃管因素、护士因素、管理因素五个方面分析了胃管误入气管的原因,并根据原因制定了预防对策,对今后解决类似问题提供了参考依据,也为进一步做好管路临床护理工作有一定的借鉴作用。
[关键词]胃管;气管;原因分析;预防措施
[中图分类号] R471 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2018)8(b)-0192-04
Cause analysis and prevention countermeasures of a patient who left a gastric tube and strayed into trachea without typical symptoms at home
WANG Ai-jun
Department of Outpatient, Beijing Yanhua Hospital, Beijing 102500, China
[Abstract] Members of the pipeline team in our hospital appeared a serious case of “aspiration pneumonia and atelectasis” caused by a gastric tube entering the trachea without typical symptoms during the door-to-door service of providing pipeline replacement for discharged home patients with tubes. The patient was once delirious. This paper analyzes the causes of gastric tube straying into trachea from five aspects: anatomical factors, patient factors, gastric tube factors, nurse factors, and management factors, and makes preventive measures based on the causes, which provides reference for solving similar problems in the future and also has certain reference for further clinical nursing work of pipelines.
[Key words] Gastric tube; Trachea; Cause analysis; Prevention measures
为出院带管的居家患者提供更换胃管的服务,是我院为解决燕山地区居家长期带胃管、尿管患者的管路更换及维护问题根据原卫生部《中国护理事业发展规划纲要(2011-2015)》[1]提出的要求开展的一项延伸护理[2]服务项目。由医院管路小组完成,2016年4月至今已提供上门服务260余人次,其中以胃管的更换维护居多。
留置胃管是临床常见的一项护理操作,由于解剖结构[3]的原因在操作过程中,胃管很容易进入气管。一旦进入气管,会造成会厌软骨关闭不全而导致患者口咽分泌物反复误吸,引起肺部感染。在鼻饲时,如果食物、药液等直接注入气管,则将造成窒息或肺不张,危及患者生命[4]。在医院住院治疗的患者,出现状况能被及时发现从而采取措施进行抢救;而居家患者,在服务结束后由不具备医学知识的家属照顾,很难及时发现问题极易造成严重后果。2017年9月,在上门服务的过程中,发生了一起居家患者无典型症状胃管误入气管致吸入性肺炎、肺不张的案例,造成了较严重的后果,后经积极抢救转危为安,现报道如下。……
