乌力吉那仁

摘要 雷电是常见的自然现象，同时也具有一定的危险性。人们很早就认识到了雷电的危险性，随着社会的发展和科技的进步，雷电灾害的防护措施也日渐成熟。但是，农村地区的雷电灾害防护却是容易被忽略的地方，农村居民防雷电知识的缺乏、农村民居防雷电设施的不足都是雷电灾害的潜在隐患。近年来，有关农村地区遭受雷电灾害造成人员、财产受损的事例也屡见不鲜。本文分析了我国农村地区雷电灾害防护现状，并提出了相应的对策，以期减轻农村地区雷电灾害造成的损失。

关键词 雷电灾害；农村民居；防护现状；措施

中图分类号 P4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2018）14-0294-03

Abstract Lightning is a common natural phenomenon and accompanied by certain dangers.People recognized the dangers of lightning very early.With the development of society and advances in science and technology，the prevention and control measures for lightning disasters have also become increasingly mature.However，the control of lightning disasters in rural areas is easily overlooked.The lack of knowledge about lightning protection for rural residents and the lack of lightning protection facilities in rural residential areas are the potential hidden dangers of lightning disasters.In recent years，cases about the damage of property caused by lightning disasters in rural areas has also been common.In this paper，the current situation of prevention and control of lightning disasters in rural areas was analyzed，and the countermeasures were put forward，so as to reduce the loss of lightning disasters in rural areas.

Key words lightning disaster；rural house；control situation；countermeasure

雷电是伴有闪电和雷鸣的一种云层放电现象，常伴有强烈的大风和暴雨，有时还伴有冰雹和龙卷风[1]。雷电灾害发生时极有可能会造成人员和财产受损，因而自古以来，人们就意识到雷电灾害的巨大危害性，从直接雷电袭击到电磁脉冲的猛烈释放，都极易造成巨额财产损失与人员伤亡，尤其是在人口和建筑物密集的城市中，其危害程度更呈几何性增长。

近年来，我国每年由雷电灾害造成的事故数均在500例以上，且呈逐年上升的趋势（图1）。现如今城市建筑中大多有完备的防雷措施，防雷措施的应用可以有效降低雷电灾害的危害。雷电防护主要是通过使用避雷针、避雷线、构建避雷网等方式引导雷电泄入土地中，或改变、分流、调整各类建筑物的内部电磁环境，确保建筑物可以安全高效的避雷[2]。……