APP下载

5种药剂对西瓜草甘膦药害的恢复效果

2018-10-30马江黎李长根孙兴祥

中国瓜菜 2018年6期

马江黎 李长根 孙兴祥

摘 要: 随着大棚西瓜种植面积增加和田间草害的日益严重,除草剂在大量应用于田间除草的同时,产生的药害问题也越来越突出。通过观察、拍照,测定植株生长指标、产量及品质等,初步明确了西瓜草甘膦药害症状,研究了5种药剂对西瓜草甘膦药害的恢复效果,旨在为解决西瓜草甘膦药害问题提供方法和途径。田间试验表明,草甘膦药害对西瓜生长产生严重影响,导致西瓜产量降低24%,喷施碧护和快克能够恢复植株生长,显著增加植株蔓长和叶片数,并利于干物质的积累,生物硼钾肥可提高西瓜产量28%,提高中心可溶性固形物含量10.58%,基因活化剂可以改善西瓜品质,提高中心可溶性固形物含量11.33%。综合看来,碧护和快克对草甘膦药害西瓜植株生长的改善效果较好,基因活化剂和生物硼钾肥能够有效提高西瓜产量、改善品质。

关键词: 西瓜; 草甘膦; 药害; 恢复效果

Abstract: With the increase of the planting area of watermelon and the increasingly serious weeds in the field, the herbicides are becoming more and more important, at the same time, the phytotoxicity is becoming more and more serious, so the study on mitigation techniques of watermelon herbicide phytotoxicity is of great significance. In this study, the mitigation effects of different agentias on the glyphosate's phytotoxicity of watermelon were studied. The results showed that watermelon was seriously affected by glyphosate, and the yield decreased by 24%. After spraying the Bihu and Kuaike, the plant growth resumed quickly, the vine length, leaf number and dry matter increased significantly. When spraying the Biological boron potash, the yield and the central soluble sugar content increased by 28%, 10.58%, respectively. The Gene activator could improve the quality, and the central soluble sugar content increased by 11.33%. In conclusion, Bihu and Kuaike had obviously mitigation effects on watermelon seedling growth, Gene activator and Biological boron potash effectively increased the yield and improved the quality of watermelon.

Key words: Watermelon;Glyphosate;Phytotoxicity;Mitigation

西瓜是世界重要的园艺作物之一,在农业生产中占有重要地位,种植面积逐年增加,2016年江苏省西瓜种植面积达16.18万hm2[1],是促进农民增收的重要途径。随着西瓜产业的发展,田间草害问题日益严重,化学除草是解决这一问题最经济有效的手段。草甘膦是世界上使用范围最广泛、使用量最大的广谱性除草剂,目前已大量应用于农田各类杂草防除[2]。然而,西瓜是对除草剂比较敏感的植物,草甘膦在应用于西瓜田杂草防除的同时,造成的药害问题亦不容忽视,严重影响西瓜的产量和品质[3-4]。……

登录APP查看全文