江苏南菁高级中学 薛海燕

悦读贴士

本刊所有文章中注释的词汇均为非课标词汇，无须记忆与理解;在文后注释的词汇为课标词汇，建议同学们将后者整理为词汇掌中宝，以便随带随记。

Step 1 感知·阅读导航

话题导入

“一个人可以被毁灭，但不能被打败。”一个叫桑迪亚哥的古巴老渔民霉运罩顶，一连84天捕不到鱼，他根据自己的经验和判断，决定勇敢地独自去更远的海域捕鱼。历经了常人无法想象的千难万险后，老渔民终于捕获了一条巨大的马林鱼——他有生以来见过的最大一条。但是，老人的孤单、疼痛和饥饿，马林鱼的美丽、强壮和高贵，不断地挑战他身心的极限，由此，上演了一幕令人惊叹的人鱼大战！

欧内斯特·海明威(Earnest Hemingway)(1899-1961)，美国作家、记者，以其独特的写作风格著称，被认为是20世纪最著名的小说家之一。他擅长用最简单的词汇表达最复杂的内容，即“冰山理论”——只表现事物的八分之一，使其作品充实、含蓄、耐人寻味。

本文为小说节选，全文463字，建议用时8分钟。

阅读立意

阅读时应达到以下四个目标：

1.通过马林鱼的几次转身，完成一系列角色体验式任务进行篇章解构和寓意理解；

2.通过对细节描写的理解，归纳老人的人物个性，体会马林鱼的象征意义；

3.通过品鉴作者应用基本词汇和简短句式表达具体含义、使用名词和动词来揭示事物本来面目的写作手法，体会“The less,the more（越少，就越多）”精炼的写作风格，并运用到读后续写任务中；

4.通过角色体验和读后续写培养学生的推理能力、想象能力和创造能力，完善思维品质。

The fish was coming in on his circle now calm and beautiful looking and only his great tail moving.The old man pulled on him all that he could to bring him closer.For just a moment,the fish turned a little on his side.Then hestraightenedhimself and began another circle.

“I moved him,” the old man said,“I moved him then.”

He felt faint（昏眩）again now，but he held on the great fish all the strain （拉力）that he could.I moved him,he thought.Maybe this time I can get him over.Pull,hands,he thought.Hold up,legs.Last for me,head.Last for me.You never went.This time I’ll pull him over.

But when he put all of his effort on,starting it well out before the fish came alongside and pulling with all hisstrength,the fish pulled part way over and then righted himself and swam away.

“Fish,” the old man said，“Fish,you are going to have to die anyway.Do you have to kill me too?”

That way nothing is accomplished,he thought.His mouth was too dry to speak but he could not reach for the water now.I must get him alongside this time,he thought.I am not good for many more turns.Yes you are,he told himself.You're good for ever.

On the next turn,he nearly had him.But again the fish righted himself and swam slowly away.

You are killing me,fish,the old man thought.But you have a right to.Never have I seen a greater,or more beautiful,or a calmer or more noble thing than you,brother.Come on and kill me.I do not care who kills who.

Now you are getting confused in the head,he thought.You must keep your head clear.Keep your head clear and know how to suffer like a man,or a fish,he thought.

“Clear up,head,” he said in a voice he could hardly hear，“Clear up.”

Twice more it was the same on the turns.

I do notknow,the old man thought.He had been on the point of feeling himself go each time.I do not know.But I will try it once more.

He tried it once more and he felt himself going when he turned the fish.The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving(迂回行进）in the air.

I’ll try it again,the old man promised,although his hands were mushy（血肉模糊的）now and he could only see well in flashes.

He tried it again and it was the same.So he thought,and he felt himself going before he started;I will try it once again.

酷词解码

1.That way nothing is accomplished,he thought.他想，那样的话，什么都完成不了。

accomplish v.to succeed in doing something,especially after trying very hard（尤指通过努力）完成；实现

eg.If we’d all work together,I think we could accomplish our goal.如果我们大家一起工作，我想我们可以实现我们的目标。

2.Never have I seen a greater,or more beautiful,or a calmer or more noble thing than you,brother.我从未见过比你更伟大、更美丽、更平静、更高尚的东西，兄弟。

noble adj.morally good or generous in a way that is admired高尚的；崇高的

eg.It’s very noble of you to spend all your weekends helping the old folk.你把周末都花在帮助老人上，真是太高尚了。

3.I’ll try it again,the old man promised,although his hands were mushy now and he could only see well in flashes.我要再试一次，老人发誓。虽然他的手现在已是血肉模糊，他的视线也闪烁不明了。

in flashes星星点点的；片刻：刹那间

Things were not the same and now life only came in flashes.

事过境迁,现在生命只能闪现出星星点点的火花了。

Step 2 实践·文本解读

立意呈现

I.Grasp the main content

What is the passage mainly about?

A.The old man made a narrow escape from the fish.

B.The old man took a thrilling adventure on the sea.

C.The old man made great efforts and managed to catch the fish.

D.The old man had a series of fierce struggles with the giant fish.

Ⅱ.Understand the structure

Complete the form and appreciate some famous sayings.

Ⅲ.Symbolic meaning

Read the passage carefully and infer the symbolic meaning of the following.

IV.Understand the theme of the excerpt

What is the theme of the novel in your eyes?

【点石成金】阅读时，要理解小说的象征意义，并解读作品中蕴含的深刻思想内涵。本节选部分通过老人与马林鱼之间一次次殊死搏斗表现出人与自然的对话，表达了人们对幸福的渴望和对理想的不懈追求。让我们站在不同的角度思考以下问题：老人桑迪亚哥怎么来看待他的庞大的对手？马林鱼呢，它活该被捕，被人类食用吗？

Step 3 运用·读写整合

角色体验

Para.1～6 the first turn

1.If you were the old man,could you describe the fish you caught?

2.If you were the fish,could you find what state was the old fish man in?Did you have a chance to escape?

Para.7～10 the next turn

1.Translate the sentence into Chinese.

Now you are getting confused in the head,he thought.You must keep your head clear.Keep your head clear and know how to suffer like a man,or a fish,he thought.

Para.11～12 twice more turns

Para.13 trying it once more

Para.14～15 trying it again

1.In these paraphrases,four more turns are described,“it was the same”and“I will try it again”repeats itself,could you tell us why?

2.“The fish righted himself and swam off again slowly with the great tail weaving in the air.”If you were the fish,would you be defeated by your tiredness?

Step 4 提升·素养建构

Ⅰ.熟词构新

原文 T h e n h e s t r a i g h t e n e d h i m s e l f a n d b e g a n a n o t h e r c i r c l e.(P a r a.1)熟词举例a s t r a i g h t l i n e一条直线(a d j.)G o s t r a i g h t a l o n g t h i s r o a d a n d t u r n l e f t a t t h e t r a f f i c l i g h t s.沿着这条马路一直朝前走，在交通信号灯前左转弯。(a d v.)1.s t r a i g h t e n v.使……挺直；拉直构词法 形容词+后缀-e n构成动词s t r a i g h t e n e g.s h a r p e n,w o r s e n,w i d e n英文释义 “t o b e c o m e s t r a i g h t,o r t o m a k e s o m e t h i n g s t r a i g h t”例句 H e r h a i r i s n a t u r a l l y c u r l y b u t s h e a l w a y s s t r a i g h t e n s i t.她的头发自然卷，但她经常把头发拉直。原文B u t w h e n h e p u t a l l o f h i s e f f o r t o n,s t a r t i n g i t w e l l o u t b e f o r e t h e f i s h c a m e a l o n g s i d e a n d p u l l i n g w i t h a l l h i s s t r e n g t h,t h e f i s h p u l l e d p a r t w a y o v e r a n d t h e n r i g h t e d h i m s e l f a n d s w a m a w a y.（P a r a.4）2.s t r e n g t h n.力气；强度；力量；长处熟词举例 S h e m u s t b e v e r y s t r o n g t o c a r r y s u c h a w e i g h t o n h e r b a c k.她一定力气很大，能背这么重的东西。(a d j.)构词法 形容词+后缀-t h构成名词s t r e n g t h英文释义 “t h e p h y s i c a l p o w e r a n d e n e r g y t h a t m a k e s s o m e o n e s t r o n g”例句 I’m t r y i n g t o b u i l d u p m y s t r e n g t h.我在努力增强体力。再次构新 s t r e n g t h再加后缀-e n构成动词s t r e n g t h e n增强 e g.f r i g h t e n,t h r e a t e n,h e i g h t e n

Ⅱ.写作技巧

What is his unique writing style?

Less is more.

● Simple&short sentences

● Simple character and scene

● To convey profound meaning

读后续写

通过对节选框架的概括和理解，我们完成了语篇解读；通过对文章细节描述的赏析，我们体会了老渔夫的个性特征,他反复地自言自语，“I’ll try it again.”暗示了他与马林鱼之间艰苦的拉锯战，“I do not care who kills who.”让我们不禁要问，“谁能成为最终的赢家？”写下你自己的预测和思考吧，自己来描述老人与马林鱼最后的激烈搏斗吧！

请参考使用以下词汇（至少5个）：the old man,the fish,faint,strength,harpoon(鱼叉),push,spay,blood

The old man dropped the line and___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The old man felt faint and_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Ⅲ.素养百科

Iceberg theory，an art of omission

冰山理论：“留白”的艺术

The iceberg theory，sometimes also known as the “theory of omission”，is a style of writing coined by American writer Ernest Hemingway.Hemingway believed the deeper meaning of a story should not be evident on the surface,but should shine through implicitly（隐含地）.If a writer knows enough about what he is writing about,he may omit things that will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them.A good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action.

冰山理论，有时也被称为“省略理论”，是美国作家欧内斯特·海明威创造的一种写作风格。海明威认为，一个故事的深层意义不应从表面上显现出来，而应隐晦地体现出来。如果一个作家对他所写的东西有足够的了解，他可能会忽略那些对这些事情有强烈感觉的东西，就像作者已经说过了一样。一个好的作家不需要透露一个人物或一种行为的每一个细节。