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短期有氧运动与高强度间歇运动对男性青年血脂代谢指标的影响

2018-10-20林鹏杰蓝道忠翁锡全林洁如

体育学刊 2018年4期
关键词:血脂研究

林鹏杰 蓝道忠 翁锡全 林洁如

摘 要:為了比较短期有氧运动与高强度间歇训练后机体BMI及血脂代谢的变化,探讨短期高强度间歇训练对促进血脂代谢的作用。对16名广州体育学院男学生进行最大摄氧量测试后分为2组,实施各为期8 d每天1次的有氧运动(运动强度为60%VO2max,2×30 min,间歇5 min)和高强度间歇训练(运动强度为80%VO2max,坡度8%,4×12 min,间歇5 min),试验前和两种方式最后1次运动结束后第2天早晨测量受试者身高、体重并计算BMI;采集空腹肘静脉血测血脂相关指标,并计算TC与HDL-C、LDL-C与HDL-C的比值。结果发现与试验前比较,有氧运动和高强度间歇训练后受试者BMI未见明显差异(P>0.05),两种不同运动方式间也没有差异(P>0.05);有氧运动训练后仅TG、LDL-C与HDL-C的比值出现显著性降低(P<0.05);高强度间歇运动后TC、TG、NEFA及LDL-C、TC与LDL-C、LDL-C与HDL-C的比值等指标均出现显著性或非常显著性降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),HDL-C出现显著性升高(P<0.05);与有氧训练后比较,高强度间歇运动后TC出现非常显著性下降(P<0.01),TC与HDL-C、LDL-C与HDL-C的比值出现显著性下降(P<0.05)。结果表明:相对于短期有氧运动锻炼,高强度间歇训练更能改善体内血脂环境。

关 键 词:运动生物化学;有氧运动;高强度间歇训练;血脂代谢;男青年

中图分类号:G804.7 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-7116(2018)04-0140-05

Abstract: In order to compared the bodys BMI and blood lipid metabolism changes after short-term aerobic exercise and high-intensity intermittent training, and to probe into short-term high-intensity intermittent trainings role in promoting blood lipid metabolism, the authors divided 16 male students at Guangzhou Sports University into 2 groups after having tested their maximum oxygen uptake, let them respectively do an aerobic exercise (exercise intensity: 60%VO2max, 2×30 min, interval 5 min) or have high-intensity intermittent training (exercise intensity: 80%VO2max, slope 8%, 4×12 min, interval 5 min) once a day for 8 d, and before the experiment and in the next morning after the last exercises in the two ways were done, measured the testees height and weight and calculated their BMI, collected elbow venous blood in a fasting condition, tested blood lipid related indexes, and calculated the radios of TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C. The authors revealed the following findings: as compared with that before the experiment, the testees BMI after aerobic exercise and high-intensity intermittent training showed no significant difference (P>0.05), also showed no difference between the two different exercise ways (P>0.05); after aerobic exercise, only TG and LDL-C/HDL-C showed a significant decrease (P<0.05); after high-intensity intermittent exercise, such indexes as TC, TG, NEFA, LDL-C, TC/LDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C showed a significant or very significant decrease (P<0.05, P<0.01), HDL-C showed a significant increase (P<0.05); as compared with those after aerobic training, after high-intensity intermittent exercise, TC showed a very significant decrease (P<0.01), TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C showed a significant decrease (P<0.05). The said findings indicate that high-intensity intermittent training can improve the blood lipid environment inside the body better than short-term aerobic exercise.

Key words: sports biochemistry;aerobic exercise;high-intensity intermittent training;blood lipid;young men

基于脂肪酸有氧分解的觀点,长时间有氧运动被认为是控制肥胖的有效方法[1],但十几年来不断有研究者提出高强度间歇运动是一种更有效的减肥方法[2-6],甚至提出力量训练减肥的观点[7-8],这似乎与传统观点相悖,但自Tremblay等[2]于1994年报道有关高强度间歇运动有利于脂质氧化的研究以来,陆续有研究支持大强度间歇运动减脂的观点[9-12]。高强度间歇运动的减脂作用不仅在于能增加运动中能量消耗,而且还在于运动后休息期机体仍然保持较高的能量消耗,如有研究显示高强度运动后24~48 h内的能量消耗增加5%~15%甚至20%[13],且高强度间歇运动后能量消耗主要来自脂肪[14]。然而……

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