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基于图像处理的位移测量传感器设计

2018-10-10吴蓓曾祥堉单新治苗玉高秀敏

光学仪器 2018年3期

吴蓓 曾祥堉 单新治 苗玉 高秀敏

摘要:针对光栅尺、容栅尺等位移测量仪器不易于现场安装的缺点,提出一种基于图像处理的位移传感器装置,使其在满足分辨率与响应速度的条件下,最大限度降低安装要求。该传感器基于激光鼠标原理,通过改进光学组件,使得传感器与参照物可以保持比较长的非接觸空间。同时根据不同场合的需求,换装不同放大率的光学组件,以得到不同工作距离、分辨率的传感器。实验表明,该传感器易于安装在多数平面运动的待测物上,具有成本低、精度高、线性度好的优点,可广泛用于普通机床的数显改造、机器人的精确定位等场合。

关键词:位移测量; 速度测量; 精确定位; 激光鼠标传感器; 机床数显改造

中图分类号: O 435 文献标志码: A doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005 5630.2018.03.015

Abstract: Due to the shortcoming of on site installation for grating ruler,captive scale and other displacement measurement equipment,we present a displacement measurement sensor based on image processing,which can meet the requirement of resolution and response speed and it greatly reduces installation requirements.The sensor is based on the principle of laser mouse,and can keep a longer non contact space between the reference by modifying the optical component.According to the requirements of different occasions,different optical components with different magnification can be changed to obtain sensors with different working distance and resolution.In this paper,the design of the sensor is preliminarily verified.The results show that the sensor is easy to be mounted on most planar moving objects,and has advantages of low cost,high precision and good linearity.The utility model can be widely used for the digital reconstruction of an ordinary machine tool and the precise positioning of a robot.

Keywords:displacement measurement; velocity measurement; accurate positioning; laser mouse sensor; digital transformation of machine tool

引 言

在自动化、智能化高速发展和普及的今天,研究数字化的位移测量传感器具有重大意义。当前用于测量位移的方法主要有光栅、容栅等方式,而转速测量[1]方法主要有光电式、电涡流或电磁感应式等。在这些测量方式中,所用传感器通常结构复杂,价格较昂贵、行程有限,且大多数都是接触式测量[2],而光学/激光鼠标传感器具有精度高、环境要求低、稳定性和可靠性好、体积小、质量轻等特点,非常适合用来设计以上各种专用传感器。

为了适用于更多的应用场合,需要使用激光作为光源,其好处是可以通过更多的表面,因为激光是相干光,几乎单一的波长即使经过长距离的传播依然能保持其强度和波形。……

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