邵佳蔚 于瑞莲 喻振 邱蓉丽 许金国 吕高虹

中圖分类号 R932；R965；R285 文献标志码 A 文章编号 1001-0408（2018）19-2648-05

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2018.19.13

摘 要 目的：研究人工蝉花子实体对庆大霉素所致小鼠急性肾衰竭的影响，并初步探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：将48只小鼠随机分为空白组（生理盐水）、模型组（生理盐水）、维拉帕米组（阳性对照，21.43 mg/kg）和人工蝉花子实体高、中、低剂量组（5、2.5、1.25 g/kg），每组8只。除空白组外，其余各组小鼠均腹腔注射庆大霉素200 mg/kg制备急性肾衰竭模型。各组小鼠于每次注射庆大霉素2 h后灌胃相应药物，每天1次，连续7 d。末次给药4 h后，测定各组小鼠血清中尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（Scr）和总蛋白含量，计算肾指数，测定肾组织中丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化岐化酶（SOD）含量及Na+-K+-ATP酶活性，肉眼及苏木精-伊红（HE）染色后显微镜下观察各组小鼠肾组织病理变化。结果：与空白组比较，模型组小鼠血清中BUN、Scr和肾组织中MDA含量以及肾指数均显著升高（P<0.01），血清中总蛋白含量以及肾组织中SOD含量和Na+-K+-ATP酶活性均显著降低（P<0.01）；肉眼观察肾组织出现肿大、充血等病理变化，显微镜下可见肾组织发生肾小管上皮细胞重度颗粒、空泡样变性以及上皮细胞大量脱落等病理损伤。与模型组比较，各给药组小鼠血清中BUN、Scr和肾组织中MDA含量以及肾指数均显著降低（P<0.01），人工蝉花子实体高、中剂量组小鼠肾组织中SOD含量以及各给药组小鼠血清中总蛋白含量和肾组织中Na+-K+-ATP酶活性均显著升高（P<0.01）；各给药组小鼠肾组织的病理损伤也不同程度好转，其中尤以人工蝉花子实体高、中剂量组改善最为明显。结论：人工蝉花子实体对庆大霉素所致小鼠急性肾衰竭具有显著的保护作用，其作用机制可能与减轻肾损伤及抗氧化作用有关。

关键词 人工蝉花；子实体；急性肾衰竭模型；抗氧化作用；肾损伤；小鼠

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE： To study the effects of artificial Isaria cicadae cystocarp on gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in mice， and to investigate potential mechanism preliminarily. METHODS： Totally 48 mice were randomly divided into blank group （normal saline）， model group （normal saline）， verapamil group （positive control， 21.43 mg/kg）， artificial I. cicadae cystocarp high-dose， moderate-dose and low-dose groups （5， 2.5， 1.25 g/kg）， with 8 mice in each group. Except for blank group， other groups were given gentamicin 200 mg/kg intraperitoneally to induce acute renal failure model； 2 h after intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin， each group was given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 7 d. 4 h after last administration， the contents of BUN， Scr and total protein in serum were determined， and renal indexes were calculated. The contents of MDA， SOD and activity of Na+-K+-ATP enzyme in renal tissue were determined； the changes of renal histopathological were observed by naked eye or microscope after HE staining. RESULTS： Compared with blank group， the serum contents of BUN and Scr， the content of MDA in renal tissue and renal indexes were increased significantly in model group （P<0.01）； the serum content of total protein， the content of SOD and activity of Na+-K+-ATP enzyme in renal tissue were decreased significantly （P<0.01）. The pathological changes of renal tissue were observed by naked eye， such as swelling， congestion. Pathological injury of renal tissue was founded under microscope， such as severe granularity and vacuolar changes in renal tubular epithelial cells， epithelial cell exfoliation. Compared with model group， serum contents of BUN and Scr， content of MDA and renal indexes of renal tissue were decreased significantly in each administration group （P<0.01）； SOD content of renal tissue in artificial I. cicadae cystocarp high-dose and medium-dose groups， activity of Na+-K+-ATP enzyme in renal tissue in each administration group were increased significantly （P<0.01）. The pathological injury of renal tissue in different administration groups were also improved to varying degrees， especially artificial I. cicadae cystocarp high-dose and medium-dose groups. CONCLUSIONS： The artificial I. cicadae cystocarp has a significant protective effect on the gentamicin-induced acute renal failure in mice， the mechanism of which may be related to the alleviation of renal damage and antioxidant function.

KEYWORDS Artificial Isaria cicadae； Cystocarp； Acute renal failure model； Antioxidant function； Renal injury； Mice

肾脏疾病是一类严重危害人类健康的疾病，严重时可能出现肾功能衰竭，直接威胁生命。近年来，肾脏疾病的发病率呈上升且年轻化趋势[1-2]。中药蝉花（Isaria cicadae Mique）是麦角菌科真菌——蝉拟青霉寄生竹蝉若虫后的复合体，主产于江苏、浙江一带[3-4]。我国《本草纲目》《本草图经》《证类本草》等中药典籍中记载的虫草均有两个：一个是冬虫夏草，另一个就是蝉花。蝉花有多种药理作用，尤其对肾脏有特殊保护作用，可降低血肌酐和尿肌酐含量、提高内源性肌酐清除率、减轻肾小球损伤、改善肾功能、延缓肾小球硬化进程等[5]。……