刘博　齐迎萍

摘 要：考察了不同质量分数的自制功能苯丙乳液及复配液对浸涂宣纸抗张强度、耐折度、撕裂度和白度的影响，并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）进行纸张形貌表征。结果表明，当功能苯丙乳液的质量分数为5%时，苯丙乳液浸涂宣纸的强度性能最佳，宣纸的抗张强度由1.19 kN/m提高到2.43 kN/m，耐折度由18次提高到105次，撕裂度由180 mN提高到251.9 mN；宣纸、静电复印纸、旧报纸和旧书（凸版纸）4种纸张经苯丙乳液浸涂后强度性能均增加，其中宣纸的强度性能增加最显著。苯丙乳液与聚乙烯醇（PVA）的复配液、苯丙乳液与羧甲基纤维素（CMC）的复配液均能增强宣纸的强度性能；加热老化实验后宣纸强度性能也表现较好。

关键词：功能苯丙乳液；强度性能；热老化；纸质文物

中图分类号：TS761

文献标识码：A

DOI：10.11980/j.issn.0254.508X.2018.06.007

Abstract：Functional styreneacrylic emulsion not only has excellent properties，but also contains hydroxyl groups on the side chains of polymer molecules，it is of great significance to be used for the protection of paper relics.In this paper， in order to study the effect of styreneacrylic emulsion in the achives protection，attempted to use functional phenyl emulsion and compound solution for the protection of paper relics.The effects of the emulsions and compound solutions with different mass concentration on the tensile strength， folding endurance， tearing resistance， gloss and whiteness of the papers were investigated，and the paper morphology was characterized by SEM. It was found that the emulsion with 5% concentration was the best， after impregnation with the emulsion， the tensile strength of paper 1（rice paper） was increased from 1.19 kN/m to 2.43 kN/m， and the double folding was increased from 18 to 105， and the tear degree increased from 180 mN to 251.9 mN. The mechanical properties of the three other types of paper including writing paper， old newspaper and old book paper were also significantly increased， and the gloss and brightness had little change. The emulsion containing polyvinyl alcohol（PVA）， or carboxymethyl cellulose（CMC） could enhance the mechanical properties of the paper， and had no effect on the gloss and brightness of the paper. The paper mechanical properties also performed well after the thermal aging test. The principle of the emulsion reinforcing paper was studied by SEM observation. The emulsion was immersed in the paper and coated on the surface of the fiber， the surface of the fiber became smooth and the fiber diameter was increased； the fibers were crosslinked， and a film was formed on the surface of the paper.

Key words：functional styreneacrylic emulsion； strength property； thermal aging； paper relic

纸是植物纤维经物理、化学作用后，纤维素靠氢键缔合而交织成的薄膜状物质[1]。从西汉以来，我国造纸原料不断变化，古代造纸原料主要有麻、枸皮、桑皮、藤纤维、稻草、竹纤维等[2.3]；古代造纸采用竹帘抄取水悬浮液中纤维，经干燥制成手工纸。受原料与工艺影响，影响纸张保存的因素有虫害、温度、湿度、光等外部因素和纸张原料、辅料、生產工艺等内部因素，及其他一些因素。

纸质文物老化在微观上表现为内部纤维素、半纤维素、木素的化学结构发生变化；在宏观上表现为纸张颜色变黄、白度下降、强度性能下降、pH值下降以及酸度上升；在性能上主要是宣纸脆化易折断，甚至发生粉化，造成纸质文献难以保存或完全损毁[4.6]。……