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每件馆藏背后都有一段传奇的创业史

2018-09-06冯永明

文化交流 2018年9期
关键词:浙商博物馆

冯永明

在杭州城西教工路的浙江工商大学内,一处始建于上世纪90年代的并不显眼的图书馆,是人流最密集的地方之一,每年有来自世界各地的约二三万名参观者来到这里,吸引他们的是这座天下浙商共同的精神家园——浙商博物馆。

自2013年10月建馆以来,全国各地乃至全球商科学生都把浙商博物馆当成一个重要的参观学习之地。该馆用生动的故事展示全球1000万浙商的奋斗史。

首任馆长、1970年出生的杨轶清是浙商博物馆的重要参与者与推动者,是研究浙商的资深人士,一位善于挖掘故事的高手,他曾以记者的身份记录了许多浙商的成长。

杨轶清说:“我希望,每个参观者看完之后,不要‘羡慕嫉妒恨这些财富的创造者。我们试图把企业家的创业精神一目了然地表达出来,使参观者感受到鼓舞、振奋、激励,在离开时至少能够留下一句:‘创业者太不容易了。”

博物馆里藏着创富故事

在浙江工商大学图书馆这幢四层高的建筑楼外,一架来自精功集团的飞机摆放在门口,略显锈迹的陈列物,把历史与现代连接在一起。绝大多数浙商以低端制造起家,参与到高端制造业的航空领域,代表了他们由大到强的一个重要转变。这架飞机的摆放,显示出这种历史与现代恰到好处的交集。当然,另一个重要的原因在于,随着博物馆藏品的增多,馆内已无法容纳更多的大型实物。

浙商博物馆从浙商远祖范蠡述及近现代的商业人文变迁——既有历史的追问,又有现实的评述;既有草根创业者的坎坷故事,也有系出名门继承者的图强点滴;既有创业的“92派”,又有“军旅派”;既有夫妻档,也有“兄弟帮”;既有小我生存的境遇,也有兼济天下的“七颗行星”(因杰出贡献,企业家的名字被以小行星命名)。

这里有企业家最早使用的记账簿、中国第一家银行中国通商银行发行的钞票、步鑫生使用过的裁缝剪和尺、徐传化徐冠巨父子创业时用过的大缸、青春宝创始人冯根生“身价”评估表、潘阿祥的“象形文字”电话本等等……

杨轶清对每一位访客都很重视,作为浙江工商大学的教授,他的讲解十分生动。最多的一天,他们接待了七拨来自省内外的访客。

与其他博物馆不同,浙商博物馆有以下几个特质:这里讲述的是“财富为表、精神为核”的故事,不是名人堂,不是财富榜;这里演绎的财富伦理观——金钱不是万能的,金钱也不是万恶的;这里推崇的浙商,首先是合法、智慧有效率地获得财富,同时还有尊严有价值有责任地支配使用财富;这里不仅展现浙商的高度和深度,更能让人感受他們的温度,传播正确价值观和正能量。

更重要的是,浙商博物馆告诉公众:浙商没有“失败者”。“曾经的风云人物,即使经营失败了,只要不是违法乱纪,不是道德品质原因,我们都一视同仁。他们的遭遇,让人感叹,他们的改革、创新、突破、尝试,更是一种勇气和精神。”杨轶清说,浙商博物馆鲜明的商业伦理和温暖的价值标准,也体现了对企业家命运的深刻理解。

改革开放以来,包括浙商在内的中国企业家变化特别大,他们从人生的底端到事业的云端,创造了无数的传奇,成为时代大幕上耀眼的星辰。在过去近2000个日子里,浙商博物馆的价值愈发显现,而未来则更是如此。

老物件承载光荣与梦想

“浙商是观察‘本土和世界、经济和文化、历史和现实交汇的样本。”全国政协常委、全国工商联副主席、正泰集团董事长南存辉说。这里的故事是中国悠远文化历史的一部分,从未被割断。

一入展馆,笔者目睹到各种物件,分布在不同的板块里,形成了一条参观的逻辑。

这里是个体生命历程的浓缩。宗庆后积极响应浙商博物馆建设,一下子送来两卡车老物件,其中一件是宗庆后早年用过的破旧三轮车。同时,他还向浙商博物馆捐赠了娃哈哈早期产品儿童营养液。1987年5月30日,宗庆后在杭州上城区文教局勤工俭学办公室的几张信纸上,把他对儿童营养食品的市场状况,筹建食品厂可行性、实现生产规模和利润的报告详细地记录在这份手稿中。一年后,这一营养液一炮而红。展馆里,宗庆后穿过的一双布鞋令人联想,作为最勤奋的老板,他一年200多天穿着布鞋奔波在市场上,丈量出了一个饮料帝国的厚度和中国消费市场的庞大。

在展馆的另一处,有一块凝固的水泥块。慈吉集团董事长徐娣珍早年与丈夫一起在姚江上运送水泥建材,一次船只不慎进水,夫妻俩赶紧往船外排水,却忘记了泡在水泥浆中的双脚已被“浇筑”在水泥块里,他们敲下水泥块时,双脚被剥下一层皮。

这里是冲突与对抗握手言和的地方。1953年11月出生的凌兰芳,于1970年12月参加工作,这名煮茧工人于2002年12月20日被浙江凯喜雅制丝有限公司以每年补偿850元的标准买断工龄,33年工龄总计28050元。此后,从50岁开始创业的凌兰芳带着他的丝绸之路控股集团走向了民族工业复兴之路,2006年当选为年度风云浙商。他的奋斗经历是国有企业与民营经济转轨时期的特殊写照。

这里是个人推动历史进程接续的通道。1950年出生的叶文贵,曾被誉为“温州第一能人”。1988年,他义无反顾地投入电动轿车研发。1994年,他耗尽全部家当再加上拆借来的4000余万元,开发出了拥有全部知识产权的混合动力汽车,成为当时全球充电后能跑最远的混合动力汽车。然而,由于超前了差不多20年,孤独而倔强的叶文贵未能等到新能源汽车春天的到来,留下一串遗憾。

博物馆收藏着来自叶文贵自家小院荒草丛中日晒雨淋20多年的电动汽车红色车壳,吉利捐赠的吉利全球鹰,以及众泰捐赠的2009年2月出产的中国第一辆上路的纯电动汽车,车牌号为浙A2279。今天,当我们看到李书福成为汽车工业的巨人,吉利跻身于全球最大的汽车生产商行列时,这种历史接续的鼓声持续地回响在中国改革开放的奋斗历程中。

这些故事已深深地印入杨轶清的脑海里,但他却无法说出哪一件是“镇馆之宝”。在他看来,“每一件藏品都来之不易”。

距離那段难忘的筹建岁月已有六七年,这位个子直追篮球明星姚明的馆长说,“每一次寻访总是触及我内心最柔软的地方。浙商作为天下第一商帮,不是偶然的。我们见到了他们在舞台上的一面,却忽略了他们在台后的付出。”

荣耀的背面是疼痛。荣耀是信仰的雨露洗去铅华后被修饰的颜色。浙商博物馆内展出具象的人物多达300余位,上万件藏品已自成体系地写成“浙商自己的精神代码”。

“浙商还是一个关于春天竹林的故事。一夜春雨后,满山遍地的春笋便冒了出来,在阳光星辰之下越长越高……”杨轶清站在通往展馆的浙商名人谱的通道上,看着一张张熟悉的面孔若有所思,“浙商就是那片生命力旺盛的竹林。”

(本文图片来自CFP)

Zhejiang Merchants Museum Collects Entrepreneurial Stories

By Feng Yongming

Professor Yang Yiqing of Zhejiang Gongshang University is the curator of Zhejiang Merchants Museum, which is located on the campus of Zhejiang Gongshang University on Jiaogong Road in downtown Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province in eastern China.

The museum is the reincarnation of the universitys library built in the 1990s. Now about 30,000 people visit the museum every year. Since the inception of the museum in October 2013, business school students in China and even from abroad have pilgrimed to the museum for a comprehensive view of legendary stories of entrepreneurs of Zhejiang. After all, the province has produced 10 million entrepreneurs and Zhejiang merchants and entrepreneurs have long since been a national phenomenon. The businesspeople community of Zhejiang is arguably the most powerful and most influential in the country. According to the museum, among the 10 million entrepreneurs are billionaires of national and/or international renown as well as small business owners.

Yang used to be a journalist who witnessed and wrote about the success and failure of entrepreneurs across Zhejiang. He is now a scholar specialized in the history of the provinces merchants and entrepreneurs. He was instrumental in setting up the museum and promoting it as a business education base.

“Stories about Zhejiang merchants and entrepreneurs displayed in the museum are not meant to generate jealousy, envy or resentment about the astronomical wealth theyve created on the part of visitors. These stories are meant to inspire visitors, open their eyes to the experiences of Zhejiang merchants and entrepreneurs. The least these visitors could say would be how difficult it was for these entrepreneurs!” remarked the professor.

The stories about these entrepreneurs are largely in the exhibits, which amount to a collection of over 10,000. Professor Yang knows them all. He is a walking encyclopedia. He frequently narrates for visitors. His guide tour record is that one day he narrated for seven groups within a day.

A chunk of cement tells a story about Xu Dizhen, now president of a big business conglomerate. In the early years of their business career, Xu and her husband were shipping cement and other building materials on a river when they found the ship was leaking. Hastily they scooped the water out only to find their feet were firmly locked in the wet cement that had begun to harden. They used a hammer to knock away the cement. The cement fell away, tearing off the skin from their feet.

Ye Wengui, a businessman in Wenzhou, began to develop electrical cars in 1988. In 1994, he successfully developed a prototype of electrical car that could travel longer than any other cars of the same category back then. He was too soon for the world for about 20 years, however. Ye donated a car body in red to the museum. The car body had been in the courtyard of Yes house for more than 20 years. Zotye, an international automaker based in Yongkang, Zhejiang, first mass-produced electrical cars in China in February 2009. The car plate from the first of the cars is now on display side by side with the car body from Ye Wengui at the museum.

Manufacturers in Zhejiang used to gravitate toward the low-end of the manufacturing industry. Now many manufacturers are top-class producers. Jinggong Group, a private business first founded in 1968 as a rural business, now is a supplier for military equipment. It is a supplier for aircraft. The group donated an aircraft to the museum. It is too gigantic to be housed inside. It is on display on a compound outside the museum.

According to Yang, Zhejiang Merchants Museum is neither a hall of fame nor a list of the mega-wealthy. Though wealth is in the stories, entrepreneurship is always the core. The philosophy generally adopted by entrepreneurs in the province runs like this: money doesnt talk; nor is it evil; money should be made through hard work, business acumen, efficiency, and wisdom; money should be spent in a responsible, respectful, and valuable way.

One key message the museum aims to deliver to the public is, there are no real losers among entrepreneurs of the province. “We consider entrepreneurs heroes as long as they dont commit a crime or do things illegally. They dare to make a difference, they dare to go into the no-mans land, they try to break new grounds and find new paths, they innovate and they try something completely new. They show courage and spirit,” commented Yang. The way the business ethics and value system of provinces entrepreneurs is highlighted in the museum represents the museums understanding of the destiny, mission, and life of entrepreneurs.

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