薛莹?马黎?郭楠

一根手臂粗的麻绳，沿着舞台围出一方天地。舞台中央，一根绳索，从天至地，粗略打了个结。

这就是黄梅戏《玉天仙》的舞台，简约，明了。

7月13日，由浙江鸿艺影视文化有限公司以及安徽省安庆市黄梅戏艺术剧院共同出品，余青峰编剧、江瑶导演、夏圆圆和黄新德主演的小剧场黄梅戏《玉天仙·魂断烂柯山》，作为第三届韩国戏剧节唯一受邀的中国剧目，在首尔弘益大学大学路艺术中心进行首演，荣获“最佳国际剧目奖”。

7月14日下午，应中国驻韩国大使馆的邀请，《玉天仙·魂断烂柯山》剧组到首尔中国文化中心为韩国戏剧界及文化界的朋友们进行演出。

开演前，笔者在朋友圈发了《玉天仙》的韩国版海报。有人点赞，也有朋友留言，好奇：这黄梅戏，韩国人听的懂吗？

一出西汉的家庭剧在韩上演

7月13日晚上，进入弘益大学大学路艺术中心演出之前，现场的300多名韩国观众，对黄梅戏的概念是零，“有接触过京剧，但黄梅戏是人生第一次。”

晚上8点，六位穿着中山装的乐队成员，怀抱着二胡、琵琶、笛子等上台。“咚咚咚咚咚”，中国大鼓一响，伴随着悠扬的黄梅调，一出两千年前的夫妻家庭剧就此展开。

《玉天仙》的灵感来源之一是昆曲《烂柯山》，讲的是大家都很熟悉的朱买臣和崔氏的故事。

这是一个西汉的家庭伦理剧——老公朱买臣数次考试不中，老婆崔氏嫌弃他，觉得没法和这个书呆子过下去了。两人离婚，崔氏跟屠夫阿旺结婚了。结果，前夫高中状元，荣归故里，不仅原谅了前妻崔氏，还将她和现任老公安顿在府中。

连方孝孺都要写诗《买臣妻墓》，从道德的角度规训女性：“青青池边一故丘，千年埋骨不埋羞。丁宁嘱咐民间妇，自古糟糠合到头。”

《玉天仙》的编剧余青峰在杭州的家里读到这首诗时快气死了，“凭什么这样？他不是用刀来杀人。老百姓的唾沫把她淹死了，她根本不可能再活着。”

余青峰每次看完，都觉得这个连名字都不完整的崔氏太可怜了，历史中的她真是这样的吗？

他给朱买臣之妻取名玉天仙，这个名字出现在元杂剧《朱太守风雪渔樵记》中，“这部戏，我就写了两个字——前半部写‘休妻的休，后半部写‘羞辱的羞。这个羞辱留了2000年，道德绑架了2000年，我想站在玉天仙的立场上，为这个女人说几句公道话，还原她正常的人性，在当今社会，也应该会获得一些共鸣。”

这个共鸣，很国际化。演出现场的韩国观众，都看懂了他要说的话——迂腐的朱买臣“直男式”哄老婆，老婆你胃痛我就替你把玉米吃了，他们哈哈大笑；玉天仙看着前夫高头大马而来，嘲笑她“你为什么不肯多等一年”，他们也很是感叹。

“这是我第一次看中国的地方戏，太棒了。虽然语言不通，黄梅戏也没接触过，但里面的情感起伏，韩国人是能理解的。”演出结束，一位韩国姑娘拉着自己的俄罗斯老公，追上台，求合影。

还有一位打扮得体的中年妇人，兴致勃勃地拉着笔者，用英文问：“中国话的《玉天仙》怎么说？”

學了半天，终究学不会，拿出手机，拍了海报，说做个纪念，“有很多话想说，一下子又不知道从哪里说起。”身为女性，这位观众更有感触。

一次契机促进中韩文化交流

把《玉天仙》带到韩国的，有两个人——一个是韩国戏剧协会理事长郑大经，还有一个是原大邱音乐剧节委员长、韩国文联理事、韩国戏剧节国际交流委员长朴淳显。

而他们知道黄梅戏《玉天仙》这件事，得从老张说起。

老张，张辉，浙江鸿艺影视文化有限公司总经理。黄梅戏《玉天仙》能进入韩国，他是幕后推手。

张辉是杭州演出界的“老江湖”，18年前的9月，他把罗大佑带到了杭州，那是杭州的第一场演唱会。后来，张国荣、刘若英、杨丽萍等明星的演出，都是出自他手。

他的公司“鸿艺”，是浙江演艺类文化出口重点企业。在带《玉天仙》去韩国之前，他还带“白娘子”和“许仙”去过——2012年，他带着音乐剧《断桥》参加了第六届韩国大邱国际音乐剧节，拿下了最佳剧目奖、最佳表演奖。

2008年，他也带着韩国无台词音乐喜剧《乱打》来过杭州。

每年4月到12月，“鸿艺”还会邀请韩国的艺术家们分三批到杭州，分别常驻三个月的时间。这样的中韩艺术家交流活动进行到今年，已经是第五个年头。

他们去游览西湖，也去杭州图书馆，去中国美院民俗博物馆，来实地感受中国，而不是只从书上“看到”。这些韩国艺术家亲身感受中国人的情怀，理解中国人的情感。

不会说韩语的张辉，用手机上的翻译软件，加上各种肢体语言，和韩国人聊天。说一句，手机翻译一句，聊得挺开心。韩国人喜欢叫他老张，很亲昵。

《玉天仙》排到一半，有一次，老张偶遇这两位韩国戏剧家，说起这出戏，“欢迎来看看”。

对黄梅戏毫无了解的两位韩国戏剧家，一开始是抱着怀疑的态度来的，但是看到第一次联排就很惊讶，“很前卫的故事。”郑大经说。

韩国人很谨慎，没过多久，这两位韩国戏剧家又来了，还带来了两位同事。从南京转车，坐了四小时跑到安庆。看了相对完整的连排后，决定邀请《玉天仙》参加韩国戏剧节。

“我们去了4个人，但是有3种观点。每个人看到的都不一样。有些人看重戏里对女性权益的关注，也有的人觉得你不能在另一半最难的时候离开，还有的人觉得男主角朱买臣是坏人。这个作品的好，就是能让人去讨论。20岁和40岁的观众，看到的不一样，男性和女性观众看到的也不一样。”朴淳显看了20多年中国戏剧，《玉天仙》是很打动他的一部剧。

“《玉天仙》的服裝和舞台，都很简约，但是故事很华丽，编剧和导演在故事中用了现代的手段，赋予了现代的意义。从这一点说，《玉天仙》虽然讲了2000年前的故事，表演形式也很传统，但是内核是和国际接轨的。”朴淳显说。

马前泼水、覆水难收两个成语，就是来自这个故事。郑大经说，在韩国也有类似覆水难收的俗语，“看了《玉天仙》，我才知道，原来是来自于这个故事。”

韩国多个城市再邀《玉天仙》

黄梅戏《玉天仙》的班底组成，很有些意思。

出品公司是一家民营企业——浙江鸿艺影视文化有限公司，和一家国有院团——安徽省安庆市黄梅戏艺术剧院，编剧是来自杭州的余青峰，导演是来自浙江小百花越剧团的江遥，作曲家陈华庆、空间设计季乔、灯光设计周正平、服装设计蓝玲，几位业界大咖，分别来自安徽、广东和浙江，天南海北。

这个阵容，有点“混搭”。按编剧余青峰的说法，他们是一群“有志之士”，从一开始就目的明确。

“从剧目开始酝酿到创排，我们的目标就是面向国外市场推广，与民营文化企业合作，让专业的人做专业的事，让优秀的黄梅戏艺术‘走出去。从《玉天仙》在韩国演出的情况来看，一期目标实现了。”安庆市黄梅戏艺术剧院院长余登云说。

在首尔首演之后，韩国的光州和大田两大城市，也正式向《玉天仙》剧组发出邀请，希望今年10月到光州和大田巡演。另外，大邱等五个城市，也邀请该剧于明年6月三度赴韩巡演。

“黄梅戏《玉天仙》给我留下了深刻的印象，把中国的历史故事通过黄梅戏的艺术方式进行表达，表达得非常好，我想每个看过这部戏的人同时都在思考应该怎样做人。中韩两国的文化背景是相通的，中国优秀传统文化黄梅戏在韩国是受欢迎的，虽然这次来韩国演出时间很短，但我相信你们完全可以成为中韩友好的使者。我要代表中国驻韩国大使馆向你们表示敬意和感谢！”中国驻韩国大使邱国洪说。

（本文图片摄影：敖彬伟）

Chinese Opera Play Wins Best International Drama Award in ROK

By Xue Ying， Ma Li， Guo Nan

On July 13， ， a Chinese Huangmei Opera play， made its debut at the performance center of Hongki University in South Korea. The play was a joint production by Zhejiang Hongyi Film & TV Culture Co. Ltd and Anqing Huangmei Opera Troupe. It was the only Chinese Opera play staged at the 3rd Republic of Korea Theater Festival. It won the Best International Drama Award of the festival.

The original story of the play is about a wife and husband more than 2，000 years old. In the old story， the husband is a scholar who fails many times in the imperial civil service examination. The wife sees no future in the marriage and divorces him. The woman marries a butcher. A year after the divorce， the scholar comes out number one in the examination and is appointed a high-ranking government official. He comes back and gets his former wife and the butcher to live in his residence. The ex-wife later commits suicide for the unbearable shame. Fang Xiaoru， a scholar of the Ming Dynasty （1368-1644）， even wrote a poem to highlight the moral of the story， that is， a woman should stay with her husband for better or for worse.

Yu Qingfeng， a scriptwriter， read the story and became incensed. How could the woman stand the humiliation？ Living like this was the laughing butt of the public. Yu read the story again and again， thinking the womans life is too miserable. She doesnt even have a complete name in the story. Yu decided to write a play to do justice to the woman. He believed that international audiences would embrace such a character.

The audience at the debut at the performance center surely understood the play even though most of the audience members had never heard of the opera genre. Huangmei Opera， or Yellow Plum Opera， is a regional opera especially popular in Anhui Province in eastern China. The audience responded to the play enthusiastically.

Zhang Hui is the Chinese man behind the troupes success at the theater festival. A showbiz promoter， he has successfully staged many shows of entertainment stars in Hangzhou over years. His company Hongyi is the only one of its kind in Zhejiang engaged in bringing showbiz shows overseas. With his behind-the-scene arrangement， ， a musical， appeared at an international musical festival in the Republic of Korea in 2012 and won the best drama award and the best performance award. In 2008， he brought a ROK comedy to Hangzhous theater and caused a sensation.

Nowadays， Hongyi invites three groups of ROK performing artists to study and perform in Hangzhou per year. Each group stays for three months， respectively from April to December. The year 2018 is the fifth year of this cultural exchange program.

Zhang finds time to chat with these Korean performing artists through an interpretation APP on the mobile phone. It was during one of these chats that Zhang mentioned ， which was in rehearsal then. Zhang brought Mr. Park Hyunsoon and Mr. Jung Daekyung， two influential decision-makers in the theater circles of ROK， all the way from Hangzhou to Anqing， a riverside city in Anhui Province bisected by the Yangtze River. If the two were any dubious about the play before the dress rehearsal， their doubt was gone afterwards. Before long， the two revisited Anqing， bringing two more colleagues along. They watched another dress rehearsal and decided to invite the troupe to perform the play at the 3rd ROK Theater Festival in July 2018.

“The four of us watched the play and had three different opinions. What we saw were different. One valued the concern with the womans rights and interests. One felt that you shouldnt break the marriage when the other half was down and out. One believed the scholar was a bad guy. The value of the play is that it gives people food for thought. The 20-year-olds and the 40-year-olds see different things. Men and women concern themselves with different issues of the play，” commented Park. Park has watched Chinese opera plays for more than 20 years.

On July 14， the troupe from Anqing performed for professional artists from the theater circles and cultural circles at China Cultural Center in Seoul. It was an event sponsored by Chinese embassy in ROK.

After the successful debut at the theater festival， the troupe received two more invitations for performance in October 2018 from Gwangju and Daejeon， two important cities in ROK. The troupe has also received an invitation to perform in five other cities in ROK in March 2019.

“I found impressive. It presents an ancient story exquisitely. I believe everyone who watched the play will examine many issues in life. China and Republic of Korea share a common cultural background and thats why the Huangmei Opera play was well received. Though your stay here is brief， you are friendship ambassadors for China and Korea. Id like to say thank you to you on the behalf of the Chinese embassy in ROK，” said MR. Qiu Guohong， Chinese ambassador in ROK.