基于侧翻安全性的客车车身骨架轻量化研究
2018-09-05许彦池
许彦池
【摘 要】针对目前我司之前为满足上部结构强度法规的要求,主要采用加大骨架材料规格的做法,并由此造成整车重量严重超重的现状,本项目通过研究高强度钢材料在车身骨架上的有效应用,以车身轻量化为优化目标,对某客车的车身骨架结构进行了优化设计。采用有限元分析的方法对优化的骨架模型进行侧翻碰撞的仿真模拟,并通过侧翻安全要求。对优化后的骨架进行的侧翻试验,结果表明,客车车体在满足ECE R66法规对生存空间要求的情况下,通过高强度钢材料的应用,在侧围立柱和顶横梁优化材料规格后的结构比原结构质量减轻了13.7%,实现了车身结构轻量化。
【Abstract】Abstract: In the past, in order to meet the requirements of the superstructure strength regulation, we mainly adopt the method of increasing the specification of framework material, which has caused a serious overloading of the whole vehicle. In view of this status, through studying the effective application of the high strength steel material on the body framework, and taking body lightweight as the optimization object, the project optimizes the body frame structure of bus. The method of finite element analysis is used to simulate the rollover collision of the optimized framework mode, and the rollover test of the optimized framework is carried out according to the safety requirements of the rollover. The results show that under the condition that the bus body meets the requirements of living space in ECE R66 regulations, through the application of high strength steel materials, the weight of the structure of the side pillar and the top cross beam after the optimization of material specifications is reduced by 13.7% compared with the original structure. It shows that the light weight of body structure is realized.
【關键词】骨架;侧翻;轻量化;高强钢
【Keywords】framework; rollover;lightweight;high strength steel
【中图分类号】U466 【文献标志码】A 【文章编号】1673-1069(2018)06-0170-03
1 引言
安全节能和环保是当今汽车发展的主题,车辆安全性与轻量化设计是各车企生产商重点研究的对象[1-2]。尤其对于客车生产厂商,由于历史原因,大部分客车车身骨架设计得都非常保守,造成车身骨架超重特别严重,这给我们留下了非常大的减重空间;但是由于客车本身的特点,比较高,承载人数比较多,容易在路况或车况不好的情况下发生侧翻,而一旦发生侧翻都是造成群死、群伤,造成严重的社会影响。
所以现在相关部门对客车的安全性能,特别是侧翻安全性能要求非常严格,并引入欧盟ECE R66 上部结构强度的强制标准。目前,为提高整车的侧翻安全性能,大都采用加大材料规格的方法,但是这会极大增加整车重量,一方面增加成本,另一方面重量增加也不利于侧翻安全。……
