宗杰

During the Ming （1368-1644） and Qing （1636-1912） dynasties， various types of paintings became prosperous， and figure paintings were also flourishing though not belonging to the mainstream. Many great painters and talents in the Ming and Qing Dynasties have created lots of excellent figure paintings， such as Tang Yins lady figure， Chen Hongyis metamorphosis figures， etc. There were also many painters who specialize in creating paintings with characters， such as Qiu Ying who is good at meticulous figure painting， and Zeng Jing， the founder of the “Bochen School”. In the Qing Dynasty， the professional painters represented by “Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou” also drew figure paintings. In short， the painting field was very prosperous in the Ming and Qing dynasties， and figure paintings are also full of masterpieces in a variety of types.

明清時期，各类画科的创作都比较繁荣，人物画虽然不是主流，也并非弱项。明清的很多大画家、大才子都留下了不少极为优秀的人物画作品，如唐寅的仕女图、陈洪绶的变形人物等；也有不少专擅人物题材创作的作者，如多画工笔人物的仇英、“波臣派”创始人曾鲸等。清代以“扬州八怪”为代表的专业画家，也不乏人物画的创作。总之，明清画坛热闹非凡，人物画也是百花齐放、各擅胜场。

明代画坛以“明四家”为代表的文人画为主导，但此时的文人画已经不同于宋代苏轼、米芾等人的笔墨游戏，而是具备了极出色的专业性。“明四家”中，唐寅的仕女画独具一格，仇英的工笔画精湛绝伦。

唐寅，即唐伯虎，几乎家喻户晓的大才子，因生平落魄，只能寄情于书画创作。其山水、写意花鸟、工笔仕女都有很高的成就。从他笔下的人物可以看出其深厚的写实功力，形象准确而神韵独具；出自南宋院体画的造型、敷色，显出一派高古气象。楚楚动人的仕女或富丽，或疏朗，淡妆浓抹总相宜。

仇英是明代画坛工笔画的一代大师。他多做绢本大幅的创作，人物点缀其间，虽然未必个个是主角，却每一个都灵动多姿、各有特点。

明代人物创作给人留下最深刻印象的还要属陈洪绶和曾鲸。陈洪绶所画人物多躯干伟岸，衣纹线条细劲清圆；至晚年画风一变，形象夸张，变态怪异，性格突出。这种“变形人物”早已有之，但陈洪绶却将其愈加变形，也愈加发扬光大。同期的崔子忠与其画风相似，也喜做变形人物。……