二级医院抗精神病药物使用现况调查及影响因素分析
2018-08-31朱剑史战明温红霞孙蒙沈彦刘家胜陈登国黄彩虹
朱剑 史战明 温红霞 孙蒙 沈彦 刘家胜 陈登国 黄彩虹
[摘要]目的 了解二级医院精神分裂症患者抗精神病药物使用现况及其影响因素。方法 选取2017年4月重庆市江北区精神卫生中心收治住院符合ICD-10诊断的315例精神分裂症患者作为研究对象,采用自制调查量表进行横断面调查。结果 315例住院患者中,单一用药163例(51.7%),联合用药152例(48.3%)。单一用药中,以第二代抗精神病药物为主(158例,50.2%),联合用药以双第二代抗精神病药合用为主(123例,39.0%)。第二代抗精神病药物中,使用频率居前3位的药物分别是利培酮(47.30%)、氯氮平(31.11%)和阿立哌唑(30.16%)。不同用药组患者的性别比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),联合用药组患者的总病程显著长于单一用药组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析显示,病程是联合用药的危险因素(β=0.047,OR=1.048,95%CI=1.021~1.077,P<0.01),病程长的患者更倾向于选择联合用药,年龄是用药选择的保护因素(β=-0.029,OR=0.971,95%CI=,0949~0.994,P<0.05),年龄大的患者倾向于单一用药。结论 目前二级医院以第二代抗精神病药物治疗为主,单一用药与联合用药并存。
[关键词]抗精神病药;联合用药;现况调查
[中图分类号] R749.053 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2018)5(a)-0173-04
[Abstract]Objective To explore the antipsychotic drug use status in second-class hospital and its influence factor.Methods A total of 315 patients with schizophrenia were diagnosed with ICD-10 criteria who admitted to the mental healthy center in Jiangbei district of Chongqing were selected as subjects.A cross-sectional survey assessed by the self-compiled questionnaire.Results Of the 315 hospitalized patients,163 (51.7%) used single drug and 152 (48.3%) used drug combination.The second-generation antipsychotic drugs were dominant in mono-therapy (158 cases,50.2%),double second-generation antipsychotic drugs were dominant in poly-therapy (123 cases,39.0%).In the second generation antipsychotics,the frequency of drug use in the top three were Risperidone (47.30%),Clozapine (31.11%) and Aripiprazole (30.16%).The gender of patients in different medications groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).The total duration of patients in the combined drug group was significantly longer than that of the single drug group,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that the course was the risk factor of drug combination (β=0.047,OR=0.047,95% CI=1.021-1.077,P<0.01),longer disease duration was more inclined to choose drug combination,the age was the protection factor for drug selection (β=0.029,OR=0.029,95% CI=0949-0.994,P<0.05),older patients was more inclined to choose single drug therapy.Conclusion At present,second-class hospitals are mainly treated with second-generation antipsychotics drugs,and single and combination drugs together play a role in the treatment of schizophrenia.
[Key words]Antipsychotic drug;Drug combination;Status survey
精神分裂症是一种常见的病因未明的严重精神疾病,目前治療仍以抗精神病药物治疗为主,辅以心理治疗、物理治疗等。在药物治疗的选择上,国内外均推荐第二代(非典型)抗精神病药物作为一线药物使用,第一代及第二代抗精神病药物的氯氮平作为二线药物。2006年,在全国第二次精神药物处方方式调查中,第二代抗精神病药在我国精神分裂症患者治疗应用中占主导地位,第一代抗精神病药物的使用频率为38.3%,四川患者、年龄较大、发作次数较多、从事农业劳动的患者更倾向于选择第一代抗精神病药物[1-2],在这些患者中使用抗精神病药以单一用药为主,联合用药方式受到性别等多种因素影响且发生不良反应的风险要高于单一用药组[3-4]。……
