任衍镇 杜宝国 劳钊明

[摘要]目的 探讨急性而短暂的精神病性障碍发病季节性特点及其与气象要素的相关性。方法 对中山市第三人民医院2010年6月～2017年5月的464例出院诊断为急性而短暂的精神病性障碍患者的病例资料进行回顾性分析，探讨其月入院量的季节性特点，并与同期月平均气温、温差、气压、湿度、风速、日照时间及降水等气象要素进行相关性分析。结果 急性而短暂的精神病性障碍月入院量在初春（3～4月）、初秋（9～10月）及初冬（12月）季节明显增加，夏季（6～8月）偏低。结合季节总入院量进行构成比的χ2检验，提示急性而短暂的精神病性障碍春季和秋季的入院构成比均高于夏季（P<0.05）。Pearson相关分析显示，急性而短暂的精神病性障碍患者月入院量与月平均气压成正相关（P<0.05），与月平均风速成负相关（P<0.01）。结论 急性而短暂的精神病性障碍发病存在明显的季节性特点，季节交替以及气压、风速等气象要素都可能影响其发病。

[关键词]急性而短暂的精神病性障碍；季节交替；气象要素；空气负离子；相关性研究

[中图分类号] R749.99 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721（2018）5（a）-0057-04

[Abstract]Objective To investigate the seasonal characteristics of the onset of acute and transient psychotic disorders and their correlation with meteorological factors.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the medical records of 464 patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders who were discharged from June 2010 to May 2017 in the Third People′s Hospital of Zhongshan City.The seasonal characteristics of monthly hospital admissions were explored.The correlation analysis was carried out on the mean temperature，temperature difference，barometric pressure，humidity，wind speed，sunshine duration，precipitation and other meteorological factors in the same month.Results The amount of monthly admissions for acute and transient psychotic disorder was increased significantly during the early spring （March-April），early autumn （September-October） and early winter （December） seasons，and the amount was relatively low in the summer （June-August）.Chi-square test with composition ratios was carried out on the basis of the total admissions in the season indicated that the composition ratio of acute and transient psychotic disorders in spring and autumn was higher than that in summer （P<0.05）.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the monthly admissions of the patients with acute and transient psychotic disorders were positively correlated with the mean monthly barometric pressure （P<0.05），and were negative correlated with the mean monthly wind speed （P<0.01）.Conclusion There is a significant seasonal feature in the incidence of acute and transient psychotic disorders.Alternation of seasons and meteorological factors such as air pressure and wind speed may affect its incidence.

[Key words]Acute and transient psychotic disorders；Seasonal change；Meteorological factors；Air anion；Correlation study

关于精神障碍发病与季节及气象要素的关系近年来日益受到关注，国内外相关研究[1-4]多提示季节因素与气象要素对其发病存在部分或弱的影响，研究对象多集中在精神分裂症、情感障碍及正常人等群体，对急性而短暂的精神病性障碍尚无系统研究。急性而短暂的精神病性障碍[5]在国际疾病统计分类第十版（ICD-10）中作为一个独立的诊断类别，具有急性起病（2周或更短）、症状多变、病程短暂（通常1月以內）及预后较好的特点，尽管后续研究[6-7]提示其诊断稳定性差，但就其发病特点来看很大程度反映了某一地区短期内急性新发的病例数量水平，其发病受环境影响也较明显。……