林美凤 吴丽贤

[摘要] 目的 探討抗肿瘤药物的不良反应分析。方法 回顾性分析2016年12月—2017年12月在该院肿瘤科采用抗肿瘤药物治疗后产生不良反应的100例患者的临床资料，分析不良反应涉及系统、年龄分布、给药方式、药物分布等。结果 不良反应发生率中，以消化系统、血液系统最为多见，分别占43.00%、32.00%，全身系统、皮肤及附件、神经系统、呼吸系统、心血管系统、泌尿系统等较为少见，分别占8.00%、7.00%、5.00%、3.00%、1.00%、1.00%；发生年龄以60岁及以上人群最高，占40.00%，50～59岁及40～49岁次之，分别占26.00%、17.00%，其他年龄较少；给药方式中，以静脉滴注发生率最高，占62.00%，其次为静脉注射、口服给药，分别占23.00%、12.00%，胸腔内注射和肌肉注射发生率最低，分别占2.00%、1.00%；药物分布中，以铂类、酰胺类最高，占32.00%，其次为5-氟尿嘧啶、卡培他滨、吉西他滨等，占27.00%，长春新碱、紫杉醇等占比16.00%，阿霉素、表柔比星等占比11.00%，其他种类药物的相对发生率较低。结论 肿瘤科医师应加强对抗肿瘤药物不良反应的监测，合理优化用药，从而保证药物疗效，提高治疗依从性。

[关键词] 抗肿瘤药物；不良反应；临床分析

[中图分类号] R97 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742（2018）05（a）-0114-03

Analysis of Adverse Reactions of Antineoplastic Drugs

LIN Mei-feng1， WU Li-xian2

1.Department of Pharmacy， Fujian Tumor Hospital， Fuzhou， Fujian Province， 350014 China；2.Postgraduate School， Fujian Medical College， Fuzhou， Fujian Province， 350108 China

[Abstract] Objective To study the analysis of adverse reactions of antineoplastic drugs. Methods 100 cases of patients with adverse reactions after the antineoplastic drugs in the department of tumor in our hospital from December 2016 to December 2017 were selected， and the adverse reactions involved system， age distribution， administration way and drug distribution were analyzed. Results The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the digestive system and blood system were the highest， respectively accounting for 43.00%， 32.00%， and the incidence rates of adverse reactions in the general system， skin and appendages， nerve system， respiration system， cardiovascular system and urinary system were low， respectively accounting for 8.00%， 7.00%， 5.00%， 3.00%， 1.00%， 1.00%， and the onset age was the group aged 60 years old or above， accounting for 40.00%， and 50-59 years old and 40-49 years old were the second， respectively accounting for 26.00%， 17.00%， and the other age was less， and the incidence rate of intravenous drip was the highest， accounting for 62.00%， and the intravenous injection and oral administration were the second， respectively accounting for 23.00%， 12.00%， and the incidence rates of intrapleural injection and intramuscular injection were the lowest， respectively accounting for 2.00%， 1.00%， and the incidence rates of platinum and amides were the highest， accounting for 32.00%， and the 5- fluorouracil， capecitabine， gemcitabine were the second， accounting for 27.00%， and the vincristine and paclitaxel accounted for 1.00% and doxorubicin and epirubicin accounted for 11.00%， and the relative incidence rate of other types of drugs was lower. Conclusion The physicians in the department of tumor should enhance the monitoring of the adverse reactions of antineoplastic drugs and rationally optimize the medication thus ensuring the curative effect and improving the treatment compliance.

[Key words] Antineoplastic drugs； Adverse reaction； Clinical analysis

抗肿瘤药物是肿瘤疾病治疗的主要药物，近年来随着药物技术的不断提高，使得肿瘤不再是难以治愈的疾病，许多肿瘤疾病已成为可控制的慢性疾病[1]。但随着抗肿瘤药物的大量使用，在发挥杀灭肿瘤细胞作用的同时，对机体一些正常细胞、组织及器官功能造成一定损伤，导致不良反应的发生率居高不下，部分患者因无法耐受不良反应使得治疗效果下降，甚至放弃治疗，因此需要医务人员严密监测药物不良反应，选择最佳药物配伍，以促进疗效的发挥，降低不良反应发生率[2-3]。……