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播种量对小麦新品种鑫麦296农艺性状及产量的影响

2018-08-14任寒马云国何军光刘强李勇刘鹏

山东农业科学 2018年5期
关键词:产量

任寒 马云国 何军光 刘强 李勇 刘鹏

摘要:以小麦新品种鑫麦296为试材,设置3个播种量处理,即100 kg/hm2(A1)、116 kg/hm2(A2)和130 kg/hm2(A3),研究其对鑫麦296农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明:随播种量增加,鑫麦296群体数量随之增加;干物质积累量,拔节到开花期A1、A2、A3处理表现出显著差异,且A2>A1>A3;叶面积指数越冬、返青、拔节、抽雄期均为A3>A2>A1,但灌浆期为A2>A3>A1;随播量增加,单位面积有效穗数增加,而成穗率、穗粒数和千粒重下降,穗长变短,产量和收获指数皆为A2最佳。综合分析,播种量为116 kg/hm2处理的农艺性状最优,产量最高,达到7 820 kg/hm2。因此,在黄淮海地区种植鑫麦296时,播种量以116 kg/hm2为宜。

關键词:播种量;鑫麦296;农艺性状;产量

中图分类号:S512.101文献标识号:A文章编号:1001-4942(2018)05-0038-05

Abstract A new wheat variety Xinmai 296 was used as experimental material, and three seeding rates were set as 100 kg/hm2 (A1), 116 kg/hm2 (A2) and 130 kg/hm2 to study the effects of seeding rate on its agronomic characters and yield. The results showed that the population of Xinmai 296 increased with the increase of seeding rate. The dry matter accumulation showed significant differences between the three treatments from jointing stage to flowering stage with a trend of A2>A1>A3. The leaf area index showed A3>A2>A1 during overwintering, turning green, jointing and tasseling stages, but A2>A3>A1 at grain filling stage. With the increase of seeding rate, the spike rate per hectare increased, but the spike rate, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight per spike and spike lenghth declined. The yield and harvest index were the best under A2 treatment. According to the comprehensive analysis, the agronomic traits were the best and the yield was the highest as 7 820 kg/hm2 at the seeding rate of 116 kg/hm2 (A2), therefore, 116 kg/hm2 was the optimal seeding rate for Xinmai 296 when planted in the Huang-Huai-Hai area.

Keywords Seeding rate; Xinmai 296; Agronomic traits; Yield

小麦是世界上重要的粮食作物,世界35%的人口都以小麦为主食[1],小麦消费占粮食总消费量的43%左右[2]。中国的粮食作物总产量中小麦约占20%左右[3]。山东省是我国第二大小麦产区,小麦产量占粮食总产的45%以上[4]。

以往研究指出,合理密植有利于协调小麦穗部性状与干物质积累及转运的关系,在一定限度内,增加种植密度,可以保证群体数量,促进生长,显著提高小麦产量[5]。播量较小时,单株营养面积较大,分蘖及根系数量较多,且数量多少随播种量的降低呈指数关系递增[6];播量较大时,小麦越冬期茎蘖数较高,单株分蘖数则相对下降。密度较高时,分蘖成穗率较低;密度较低时,分蘖成穗率则较高[7]。种植密度是影响作物叶面积指数的重要因素,它通过影响光合作用,最终影响作物产量[8]。密度较低时,……

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