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我国营业税改征增值税的政策效应

2018-08-13袁显平张园园马晓梅

技术与创新管理 2018年5期

袁显平 张园园 马晓梅

摘 要:为把握“营改增”相关研究的进展和后续方向,提高后续研究的效率和深度,对已有文献进行了梳理和分析。统计发现,学界较为关注“营改增”的目的与意义,对税负和财税体系的影响,对财政与经济的影响,对各相关行业的影响等。“营改增”有利于完善税收制度、减轻企业税负、调整产业结构和促进经济增长,对相关行业的影响则涉及诸多方面。受可获数据限制,已有研究重宏观、轻微观,重定性、轻定量,因此“营改增”相关研究还有待进一步拓展和深化。

关键词:营改增;税收负担;政策效应;服务业

中图分类号:F 810.42 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-7312(2018)05-0588-08

Abstract:To accurately grasp the progress and follow-up research direction of replacing Business Tax with VAT,and to improve the efficiency and depth of follow-up research,the existing research results were systematically combed and compared.The results showed that the academic circles are more concerned about the purpose and significance of replacing Business Tax with VAT,that is,its impact on the tax burden and the financial and taxation system,on the finance and economy,and on the relevant industries.Previous studies have suggested that it will help improve the tax system to replace Business Tax with VAT,reduce the tax burden on enterprises,adjust the industrial structure,and promote economic growth.It will leave impact on many aspects of the relevant industries to replace Business Tax with VAT.Due to the limitation of time and available data,the existing research are mainly carried out based on macro-view,not minor-view,mainly based on qualitative not quantitative.Therefore,the relevant study for replacing Business Tax with VAT has yet to be further expanded and deepened.

Key words:replacing business tax with VAT;tax burden;policy effect;service industry

0 引 言

自1994年分稅制改革以来,我国税制体系中一直并行存在着两个一般流转税税种——增值税和营业税。为了消除重复征税,减轻企业负担,促进工业转型、服务业发展和商业模式创新,我国政府于2011年决定开启“营业税改征增值税”(以下简称“营改增”)税制改革,即指将以前缴纳营业税的应税项目改成缴纳增值税。这是自1994年“分税制”改革以来,财税体制的一次重大变革,也是一项“牵一发而动全身”的重要改革。这次改革循序渐进,从2012年1月1日起率先在上海交通运输业和部分现代服务业试点,此后,试点地区和行业范围逐步扩大,2016年5月1日起全面推开,即试点范围扩大至建筑业、房地产业、金融业和生活服务业(包括医疗业,酒店业、餐饮业和娱乐业等),同时所有企业新增不动产所含增值税已被纳入抵扣范围。……

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