刘兆麟 张威

摘 要：采用双喷静电纺丝法制备聚酰胺6（PA6）珠粒纤维/纳米纤维复合滤膜，研究珠粒纤维溶液质量分数和珠粒纤维/纳米纤维溶液质量比对滤膜形貌结构和过滤性能的影响，探讨过滤机制，开发出具有梯度结构的珠粒纤维/纳米纤维高效低阻空气过滤材料。结果表明，当制备珠粒纤维及纳米纤维的溶液质量分数分别为10%、18%，珠粒纤维/纳米纤维溶液质量比为3/7时，滤膜的过滤品质因子最高。在纳米纤维中加入恰当比例的珠粒纤维可以使滤膜变得蓬松，形成空间网状曲折微孔，在保证过滤效率的同时降低过滤阻力。进一步控制珠粒纤维/纳米纤维溶液质量比依次为2/8、3/7、4/6，叠加形成的梯度结构珠粒纤维/纳米纤维过滤材料的过滤效率和阻力压降可达99.1%和116 Pa。

关键词：静电纺丝；珠粒纤维；纳米纤维；梯度结构；空气过滤材料

中图分类号：TQ340.64 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1009-265X（2018）02-0001-06

Electrospun Polyamide 6 Bead-on-String Fiber with Gradient

Structure/Nanofiber Membranes for Effective Air Filtration

LIU Zhaolin， ZHANG Wei

（College of Textile and Garment， Hebei University of Science and Technology， Shijiazhuang 050018， China）

Abstract：The double-spraying electrospinning method was employed to prepare polyamide 6 （PA6） bead-on-string fiber/nanofiber membranes. The influence of the mass fraction of PA6 bead-on-string fiber solution and the mass ratio of bead-on-string fiber/nanofiber solution on morphology and air filtration performance of the membranes was investigated. The filtration mechanism was analyzed. Finally， the gradient-structured bead-on-string/nanofiber filtration material with high-efficiency and low-resistance was developed. Results show that the bead-on-string fiber/nanofiber membrane exhibits the highest quality factor when the PA6 mass fractions are 10% and 18% used to fabricate bead-on-string fiber and nanofiber， respectively， and the mass ratio of the bead-on-string fiber/nanofiber solution is 3/7. Adding moderate bead-on-string fibers in nanofibers can make the membrane fluffy and form tortuous micropores. Therefore， the resistance is reduced and the filtration efficiency keeps stable. By controlling the mass ratio of the bead-on-string fiber/nanofiber solution at 2/8， 3/7 and 4/6 sequentially， the gradient-structured bead-on-string fiber/nanofiber material can be prepared with the filtration efficiency of 99.1% and resistance pressure drop of 116 Pa.

Key words：electrospinning； bead-on-string fiber； nanofiber； gradient structure； air filtration material

随着中国工业化和城市化的高速发展，空气污染问题日益严峻，近年来，中国大部分地区持续出现雾霾天气，给人们的生活环境和身体健康造成了严重地影响。采用阻隔能力强、高效低阻的纤维过滤材料加强对空气中微细颗粒物的过滤，是解决上述问题的有效途径。静电纺纳米纤维具有比表面积大、直径小、孔隙率高等特点，是制备高性能滤膜的理想材料[1]。然而，目前静电纺纳米纤维过滤材料的生产工艺大多都是将单一直径的纳米纤维直接沉积到接收基材上，通过减小纤维直径和增大纤维膜厚度来提高过滤效率，导致阻力压降急剧升高，净空气产出率下降[2-3]。……