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背靠背永磁直驱风电变流器共模电压抑制方法

2018-07-10郭磊磊金楠韩东许李晋

电机与控制学报 2018年6期

郭磊磊 金楠 韩东许 李晋

摘 要:针对常规的模型预测共模电压抑制方法需要设计权重因子、计算量大、开关频率高等问题,提出了一种改进的基于电压矢量优化的背靠背永磁直驱风电变流器共模电压抑制方法。详细分析了每个电压矢量对背靠背风电变流器电流变化率的影响,从而揭示了3矢量法存在电流畸变的本质原因,并基于该分析结果提出了一种改进的4矢量模型预测共模电压抑制方法。该方法不仅适用于机侧变流器,而且适用于网侧变流器。在实现共模电压抑制的同时,该方法还可以降低开关频率并减小计算量,且没有明显影响电流的动稳态特性。仿真和实验结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

关键词:背靠背;永磁直驱风电变流器;共模电压抑制;模型预测控制;低开关频率

中图分类号:TM 313

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1007-449X(2018)06-0077-10

Abstract:Conventional model predictive commonmode voltage reduction methods need to design weighting factors and have problems of large calculation amount and high switching frequency. An improved voltage vector optimization based commonmode voltage suppression strategy is proposed for backtoback permanentmagnet directdrive wind power converters.The influence of each voltage vector on the current rate of the backtoback wind converter was analyzed in detail, which reveals the essential reason of current distortion in the 3vector method. Then, an improved 4vector based commonmode voltage suppression strategy was proposed based on analytical results. This method can be applied not only to the generator side converter but also to the grid side converter. And this method can suppress the commonmode voltage, and at the same time reduce the switching frequency and the calculation amount with no obvious effect on the dynamic and steady state response of the current. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Keywords:backtoback; permanentmagnet directdrive wind power converters; commonmode voltage suppression; model predictive control; low switching frequency

0 引 言

近年来,永磁直驱风力发电系统因其可靠性高、电网适应能力强等优点而在大功率风力发电系统,特别是海上风力发电系统中得到广泛应用[1-4]。永磁直驱风力发电系统通常采用背靠背变流器实现能量转换,而背靠背变流器常常会输出较大的共模电压,危害其正常安全运行[5]。为此,许多学者开展了关于变流器共模电压抑制策略的研究[6-15]。

现有的变流器共模电压抑制方法可以分为基于硬件的方法[6]和基于软件的方法[7-15],如图1所示。基于硬件的方法需要额外的增加硬件电路,因此会提高系统的成本。基于软件的方法因可以通过设计特定的算法代替硬件电路来实现共模电压抑制而受到更广泛的关注。……

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