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直线感应电机的特殊次级结构推力特性研究

2018-07-10孟大伟杜超

电机与控制学报 2018年6期

孟大伟 杜超

摘 要:短初级、长次级的直线感应电机,因其可靠性高、结构简单、控制方便,广泛应用于城市轨道交通系统。针对直线电机磁场复杂、边缘效应明显等缺点,参考旋转感应电机理论,提出适合直线感应电机运行的一种特殊结构的栅格型次级。通过对栅格型次级等效电路的分析,详细推导出电机主要参数的计算公式,并且分别从三维有限元分析模型仿真、样机实验两方面进行了验证。结果表明,栅格型次级能规范感应涡流的路径、消除直线感应电机的第二类横向边缘效应、提高直线电机推力特性。并且验证了采用等效电路法分析直线电机的有效性和实用性,为准确计算特殊次级结构的直线电机提供了理论与实践依据。

关键词:直线感应电机;特殊次级结构;等效电路法;气隙磁场;推力特性

中图分类号:TM 359.4

文献标志码:A

文章编号:1007-449X(2018)06-0029-11

Abstract:Linear induction motor (LIM) with short primary and long secondary has been widely used in subway transportation for its high reliability, simple structure and convenient control. In view of the complex electromagnetic field and obvious edgeeffects of LIM, this article presented a special ladder type secondary which was suitable for the operation of LIM by referencing the design theory of the rotating induction motor. The main parameter formulas of the LIM with ladder secondary were analysed particularly based on the equivalent circuit method, then three dimensional (3D) finite element method (FEM) simulation and prototype experiments were implemented to verify the rationality of the analysis and calculation method separately. The results showed that the ladder secondary can standardise the induced eddy current path, eliminate the second transversal edgeeffects, and improve the thrust characteristics. The conclusion verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the equivalent circuit method to calculate the motor performance and provides theoretical and practical basis for the future investigation of LIM with special secondary structure.

Keywords:linear induction motor; special secondary structure; equivalent circuit method; air gap magnetic field; thrust characteristics

0 引 言

隨着城市的发展对交通系统的制约条件越来越多,人们对轨道交通的要求也越来越高。采用直线感应电机的城市轨道交通系统是一种新型地面无接触的高速交通运输工具,具有无污染、低噪音、低能耗、高安全性等特点,并且拥有较小的曲线半径、较强的爬坡能力,易在复杂的城市环境中运行,已成为多种城市轨道交通系统中的一员[1-2]。

应用在地铁、磁悬浮列车等领域的直线感应电机采用了长次级、短初级的形式,长次级铺设于轨道表面,短初级安装在列车下方驱动列车运行[3]。传统的直线感应电机通过初级的行波磁场在次级反应板中感应涡流实现了电机的运行和制动,电机次级反应板由导电性能好的铜板或者铝板加在钢板上复合而成。……

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