以肝肾损害为主要表现的原发性淀粉样变性一例
2018-07-06邹雪汤绍辉
邹雪 汤绍辉

【摘要】 1例以纳差、腹胀,血碱性磷酸酶(ALP)及γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)升高,肝脏明显肿大,合并存在大量蛋白尿、低白蛋白血症、高脂血症为表现的患者,肠道病变组织刚果红染色提示为淀粉样变性,排除其他继发性因素最后诊断为原发性淀粉样变性。确诊后予沙利度胺为主方案化学治疗,患者纳差较前改善。该例提示对于不明原因的GGT及ALP明显增高而其他肝功受损较轻的肝肿大患者,在排除自身免疫性疾病、酒精性肝病、肝脏肿瘤等其他因素后,应考虑淀粉样变性的可能。淀粉样变性临床表现缺乏特异性,一旦高度怀疑应尽快行病变活组织检查以明确诊断。
【关键词】 腹胀;淀粉样变性;刚果红染色
【Abstract】 In this paper,we reported one case of primary amyloidosis presenting with poor appetite,abdominal distension,elevated levels of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma?glutamyl transpeptide (GGT),hepatomegaly,massive proteinuria,hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia. Congo red staining prompted the diagnosis of amyloidosis. The diagnosis of primary amyloidosis was confirmed after alternative secondary factors were excluded. The thalidomide was administered as the main chemotherapy regime. The symptoms of poor appetite were mitigated. This case hints that for hepatomegaly patients with significant elevation of GGT and ALP levels and slight liver function injury,the possibility of primary amyloidosis should be considered after the autoimmune diseases,alcoholic liver diseases and liver tumors are excluded. Primary amyloidosis lacks of specific clinical manifestations. Pathological biopsy is recommended to validate the diagnosis in suspected cases.
【Key words】 Abdominal distension;Amyloidosis;Congo red staining
淀粉樣变性是由于淀粉样蛋白沉积在细胞外基质,造成沉积部位组织和器官损伤的一组疾病,该病预后差,可累及心、肝、肾、胃肠和舌等组织,分为原发性、继发性、透析相关性、家族性、老年性、局限性6种类型,确诊依靠病理检查。淀粉样变性目前尚无特异性治疗方法。笔者收治1例原发性淀粉样变性患者,现报道如下。
病例资料
一、病史及体格检查
患者女,55岁。因反复纳差1年,加重3个月于2017年6月9日入院。患者1年前无明显诱因出现纳差,每餐约进食一小碗米饭,未就诊。3个月前症状加重,伴乏力、腹胀及食欲进一步减退,自觉上腹部有肿块,且进行性增大。于当地医院就诊,辅助检查:ALT 42 U/L,AST 79 U/L,碱性磷酸酶(ALP) 723 U/L,γ?谷氨酰转移酶(GGT) 550 U/L,总胆红素 18.5 μmol /L,直接胆红素 10.6 μmol /L,间接胆红素 7.9 μmol/L,总胆汁酸 6.3 μmol/L,胆碱酯酶 13 784 U/L,血浆凝血酶原时间 13.0 s,凝血酶原活动度88.3%,肌酐139.9 μmol/L,白蛋白 29.7 g/L。……
