细胞自噬与衰老的相关性研究进展
2018-06-18史敏陈雷尚丛珊杜剑青封兴华
史敏 陈雷 尚丛珊 杜剑青 封兴华
[摘要]衰老是每个生命体从生到亡的必经阶段,自噬是继凋亡之后目前生命科学研究最热的领域之一。本文从细胞自噬功能增强和减弱两个角度,分析了其对衰老过程的影响,文中对关于衰老与自噬这两者之间相关性的研究进行了回顾,从分子水平分析了mTOR和AMPK信号通路及p53蛋白在衰老–自噬这一细胞适应内外环境重要的调节机制中的作用,从而提示细胞自噬可以调节细胞衰老进程,因此,利用细胞自噬来治疗某些衰老性疾病(癌症、心脑血管病、神经退行性疾病等)必将成为未来医学研究的重点。
[关键词]衰老;细胞自噬;mTOR-AMPK信号通路;p53;研究进展
[中图分类号]R339.3+8 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2018)04-0136-05
Advances in the Correlation between Autophagy and Aging
SHI Min1, CHEN Lei1, SHANG Cong-shan1, DU Jian-qing2, FENG Xing-hua1
(1.Xi'an Peihua University,Xi'an 710125,Shaanxi,China;2.Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine,Xi'an 710061,Shaanxi,China)
Abstract: Aging is one of the necessary stage for every organism from birth to death,and autophagy is one of the most popular fieldss of current life science research following apoptosis. We analyzed the effects of autophagy on the aging process from enhancement and attenuation of the cell autophagy function, reviewed related studies on the correlation between aging and autophagy, and analyzed the role of mTOR, AMPK signaling pathway and p53 protein at the molecular level on aging-autophagy, the important regulatory mechanism by which cells adapt to internal and external environment. Thus suggested that autophagy can regulate cell aging process. Therefore, the use of cell autophagy to treat some aging diseases (such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, etc.) will surely be the focus of future medical research.
Key words: aging; autophagy; mTOR-AMPK signaling pathway; p53 protein; review
衰老(Senescence or Aging)是每個生命的必经之途,是生物体在伴随年龄增长中所出现的各器官功能逐渐减退的表现形式。从分子水平来看,衰老的发生与受损细胞器和变性蛋白的累积有关,尤其是线粒体的受损和功能异常是衰老过程中最重要的一个病理特征。当线粒体受损后导致细胞内氧化–磷酸化障碍、活性氧(ROS)蓄积、错误折叠蛋白累积,以此形成恶性循环。因此,在衰老过程中细胞内损伤或有害物质的累积成为衰老细胞的普遍特征,然而良好的功能调节系统和受损细胞器的清除是细胞稳态维持的关键所在,这也是延长细胞生存能力和寿命的关键所在。
细胞自噬能够消除受损细胞器,帮助细胞抵抗恶劣应激条件,使受损细胞器和有害成分经溶酶体酶降解,降解产物再用于合成细胞生存所需的蛋白质或损伤细胞的修复原料。……
