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初中英语阅读能力的训练

2018-06-09赵学江

散文百家·下旬刊 2018年4期
关键词:升学考试时态定语

赵学江

英语教学的目的是为了培养学生听、说、读、写、译的基本能力,学生的阅读能力的提高,是这五项基本能力的综合体现。初中同学到了初三毕业年级,教会他们如何读懂英语短文,提高他们的阅读能力就显得特别重要。

一、阅读是学生获取知识和信息的手段和源泉

通过英语文章的阅读,学生能够拓宽知识、视野,学到一些新知识,获得新的信息。英语文章的题材多种多样,有对话、笑话、以及一些自然知识的介绍等等。多读英语短文对于学生夯实英语基础、理解英语短语、词组的能力以及提高英语阅读能力大有益处。

二、阅读在毕业考试和升学考试中分数比重大

今年的毕业考试和升学考试,A卷中有关阅读的题的分数是45分,它们分别是听力测试的短文(5分)、完形填空(10分)、阅读理解三篇短文(共20分)、补全对话(10分)。B卷中有关阅读的题的分数是20分,其中阅读理解一篇(10分)、根据短文完成填空(10分)。读懂英语短文、做好有关的考题,将直接影响到学生的英语总成绩。

(一)近几年毕业考试和升学考试中涉及阅读英语短文的题型

在A卷中有:完形填空、阅读理解、补全对话共45分;在B卷中有:一篇难度较大的阅读理解、根据短文补充短语或句子共20分。所以我们每一个同学在考试时必须读懂英语短文。

(二)怎样读懂英语短文和完成相关考试题目

1.阅读一篇英语短文应该注意以下几点:

(1)判断短文的总体时态和句子时态。根据短文叙述的需要,一篇短文的总体时态通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种,我们可以从一篇短文的开头句子或结尾句子中的谓语动词的形式进行判断。当然,短文中的对话还可能出现一般将来时、现在完成时等其他时态。比如:初三英语教材第14课,根据谓语动词的结构,我们应该很快判断出这段短文的整体时态是一般过去时,叙述过去发生的故事。

(2)注意短文中代词和短语的理解。短文中会出现很多的代词,在阅读时,我们一定要弄清楚它们在不同的地方所替代的是具体的哪个(些)人或哪样(些)东西。在If you have a chance to go there, take it. (Lesson 20 of Book three) 句中的 it,在教学中要指导学生理解它代指的chance,才能准确理解take的意思。凡是在短文中出現的词语,我们一定要把它们看作整体理解,而不能把它们拆分开,不能把短语看作单词进行理解。如:go on, wake up, be amazed at, be proud of等等。我们在阅读英语短文时,一定要把它们看作整体进行理解,才能准确理解短文中句子的意义。

(3)在阅读时注意句型结构,特别是含有定语从句、宾语从句、状语从句的句型结构,在阅读时要特别注意,以便正确理解句子的意思。在Lesson 22中有三个句子:He even made TV show which ran for eight years. (定语从句)He took pictures of many things that people had never seen before.(定语从句)It let many people see what life was like under the sea.(宾语从句)

(4)根据上下文理解生词的意思。运用构词法、词境等手段猜测生词的词性和词义。根据词形、词在句子中的位置、构词法特征,先判断这个词的词性,然后再尽可能猜出它的词义。在例文中,通过上下文的阅读和理解,首先应该判断出learned是一个形容词,再判断它的词义是“有学问的”。

(5)形成短文的总体印象,理解作者的写作意图。通过对例文的阅读,我们形成的短文的总体印象是A story in Mr. Kings book shop(main idea)。

2.完成阅读理解题型时需要注意的事项:

(1)有些答案可以直接在短文中找到。根据文中第二句 He was very busy all the time and couldnt do any reading. 可以选出第一题的正确答案为B。

(2)有些答案需要根据短文细节和上下文意思进行推断。如文中的第4、5题我们必须根据短文细节和上下文进行推断,才能得出正确答案。

(三)解题思路和方法

(1)先易后难,各个击破,不要急于求成。

(2)读懂题目的要求,正确选出答案。

(3)读懂整体段落,形成总体印象,理解文章的中心意图(main idea)。

(4)忠实于作者的意图和文章的意图,不要凭自己的想象随意下笔。

(四)附:练习短文

Mr. King taught English in a middle school. He was very busy all the time and couldnt do any reading. So he left the school and opened a school shop in the center of the town. It wasnt big enough but all the books were nice and most people liked to buy some there. When the shop was closed, he could read at home. He knew a lot and the learned persons were to make friends with him.

It was Sunday and it was cold outside. Mr. King was very busy. At nine in the evening all the buyers left except a girl. She was dressed up and waited for somebody there standing by shelves, she looked over the books one another, and made them in a fearful moss. Mr. King came up to her and asked, “Excuse me, madam, what can I do for you?”

“Your books are not interesting at all.” said the girl, “I want a delicious one.”

“Thats easy.” Mr. King smiled. He brought out a cookbook and said, “Here you are, madam.”

1. Mr. King changed his work because B .

A. he didnt like reading

B. he wasnt free enough to read books

C. he liked the life in the center of the town

D. he wanted to write a book for the school

2. D , so most people liked to buy books there.

A. The book shop was in the center of the town

B. The book shop wasnt big enough but all the books were nice cookbooks

C. The book shop was so large that it could hold all kinds of nice books

D. Though the book shop was not so large, the books there were all good for people.

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