余文婕

【摘 要】在无线网络几乎无处不在的今天，人们能够通过无线定位技术来定位自己所处的区域，或者是定位目标地所在的位置，无线定位技术极大的满足了人们对定位服务的需求[4]。目前的室内定位系统中，绝大多数都是基于接收信号强度 （ Received Signal Strength ，RSS ）的指纹识别算法。该算法是一种基于指纹数据库的匹配定位算法，通过建立定位区域信号强度的指纹数据库，再与实时采集的信号强度进行匹配来达到位置估计的目的[2]。

本文主要研究的是使用信号强度RSS标定不同位置的信号强度特性进行定位方法，首先对室内无线信号传播的特点进行分析[4]，然后以基于RSS的指纹识别定位方法，根据传播损耗模型可建立接收功率与距离之间的关系建立定位模型，结合最小二乘法计算出位置的具体坐标。最后，分别选取空旷的室内场景和复杂的室内场景对基于RSS的WIFI室内定位算法的适用性进行分析。

【关键词】室内定位；接收信号强度；指纹识别；传播损耗模型；最小二乘法

中图分类号： TN925.93 文献标识码： A 文章编号： 2095-2457（2018）08-0269-005

A Research Method of WIFI Indoor Positioning Based on RSS

YU Wen-jie

（Kunming University，Kunming，Yunnan 650214，China）

【Abstract】In today's ubiquitous wireless networks，people can locate their own area through wireless location technology，or locate the target location.The wireless location technology greatly meets people's demand for location services.[4].Most of the current indoor positioning systems are based on the Received Signal Strength（RSS） fingerprinting algorithm.The algorithm is a matching localization algorithm based on fingerprint database.It can achieve the purpose of position estimation by establishing a fingerprint database of signal strength in the localized area and matching the signal strength of real-time acquisition[2].

In this paper，the main research is to use the signal strength RSS to calibrate the signal strength characteristics of different locations to carry out the positioning method. First of all，analyze the characteristics of indoor wireless signal propagation[4]，and then use the RSS-based fingerprint identification and positioning method，according to the propagation loss model can be established.The relationship between the received power and distance establishes a positioning model and combines the least squares method to calculate the specific coordinates of the location.Finally，the applicability of the RSS-based WIFI indoor location algorithm is analyzed by selecting empty indoor scenes and complex indoor scenes.

【Key words】Indoor location；Received signal strength；Fingerprint identification；Propagation loss model；Least square method

1 研究背景

随着现代科技和网络技术的不断发展，目前全球定位系统（GlobalPositioningSystem，GPS）和网络辅助全球卫星定位系统（AssistedGlobalPositionSystem，A-GPS）的普及[6]，已经能够为生活在现代科技下的用户提供实时准确的室外位置服务。定位技术的发展和广泛应用，给人们的生活帶来了极大的便利，但GPS定位信号无法穿过建筑物进入室内，使得该项定位技术在室内几乎毫无用武之地，因而只能满足用户在室外进行定位，在某种程度上已经不能满足人们对于精确定位的迫切需求。……