过霁冰 徐杰

摘 要：利用MRR-2微型雨雷达设备及相关软件对降水系统进行跟踪连续观测，分析微型雨雷达主要的4项指标：降水效率（Rain rate，mm/h）、雷达反射率（Radar reflectivity，dBZ）、液态水含量（Liquid water content，g/m3）及下降速率（Fall velocity，m/s），经研究得出以下结论：（1）小雨过程中，由于中高层湿度条件很差，降水率、雷达反射率、液态水含量、下降速率均分布在2400m以下，且峰值均较小，低于中雨、大雨及暴雨过程，仅在小时降水量超过0.2mm的时段才表现出一定的显著特征；（2）由于整层湿度条件较好，中雨、大雨及暴雨3次过程的降水率均表现出垂直分段分布的特征，且降水率高值区整层均有分布；（3）中雨、大雨及暴雨3次过程雷达反射率发展得均较高，达到了4800m左右，但高值区发展的高度并不相同，并且三者的峰值大小也有一定的区别，在降水量较大的时段，三者的峰值主要分布在低层；（4）中雨、大雨及暴雨3次过程的液态水含量与降水效率产品表现出类似的特征，同样呈现出了垂直分段分布的特点；（5）不同降水类型的下降速率和液态水含量各自表现出不同的特征。

关键词：微型雨雷达；降水效率；雷达反射率；液态水含量；下降速率

中图分类号 P426 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731（2018）09-0143-07

Characterization of the Micro Rain Radar Products in Different Precipitation Events

Guo Jibing1 et al.

（1 Fengxian District Meteorological Office，Shanghai 201416，China）

Abstract：Micro Rain Radar and related software systems was used to track and observer precipitation.Four kinds of Micro Rain Radar products（Rain rate，mm/h，Radar reflectivity，dBZ，Liquid water content，g/m3 and Fall velocity，m/s） were analyzed.The height resolution was set to 200 m.Observation height was between 200～6200m （the top height was near 500 hPa）.By study those cases，the following characteristics were found：*（1） In a light rain process，due to the poor humidity condition of the mid to high-level，most of precipitation rate，radar reflectivity，liquid water content and fall velocity are located below 2400 meters，the peak value was smaller than the rest three kinds of the rains，only when hourly precipitation was over 0.2mm，it showed some remarkable features.（2） Since the whole layer moisture conditions were better，the precipitation rate of moderate rain，heavy rain and torrential rain exhibited characteristics of vertical distribution segment，and the high precipitation rate value distributed in whole layer.（3） The radar reflectivity located in high layer in moderate rain，heavy rain and torrential rain process，the height was near 4800m.But the high value distributed in different height，and the peak value is different too，unless in a high precipitation period，the peak value was in lower layer.（4） the liquid water content of moderate rain，heavy rain and torrential rain exhibited characteristics of vertical distribution segment.（5） The fall velocity and liquid water content of different types of rains showed the different characteristics.

Key words：Micro rain radar；Rain rate；Radar reflectivity；Liquid water content；Fall velocity

天氣雷达是进行大气、云雾及降水物理研究和探测的主要手段，其重要作用之一是以云和降水为主要观测对象，实时估测降水系统的降水强度。它被广泛地应用于气象科学研究和业务天气警戒观测中，发挥着越来越重要的作用。定量估测降水强度作为天气雷达首要用途在灾害性天气监测和预警、人工影响天气的作业指挥、气象模式资料同化及模拟结果的检验等方面具有十分重要的意义。……