万里晴 阮一帆 邓俊彪

[摘要] 目的 探讨儿保门诊幼儿体格生长偏离与喂养困难之间的关系。 方法 选取2015年1月～2017年6月500例医院儿童保健门诊部接收的婴幼儿作为观察对象，测量婴幼儿体格发育情况，并让家长填写本次研究特制的婴幼儿喂养问卷调查表，并根据调查情况分析婴幼儿体格发育与喂养困难的之间的相关性。 结果 500例婴幼儿中有102例出现喂养困难的情况，其中轻度喂养困难35例、中度喂养困难38例、重度喂养困难31例。在500例婴幼儿中，发现生长迟缓23例、低体重33例、消瘦28例。通过观察发现，体格生长偏离婴幼儿中喂养困难婴幼儿比重要明显高于无体格生长偏离的婴幼儿（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析软件结果表明：儿保科门诊幼儿体格生长偏离与喂养困难呈正相关（r=0.491，P<0.05）。 结论 喂养困难是导致婴幼儿体格生长偏离的重要因素之一，需要通过加强婴幼儿喂养知识教育，同时加强营养指导和相关知识，保障婴幼儿的健康成长。

[关键词] 儿童保健门诊；体格生长偏离；喂养困难；问卷调查表；营养指导

[中图分类号] R179 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701（2018）07-0133-03

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the relationship between physical growth deviation and feeding difficulty in children of child health clinic. Methods 500 infants and young children received from the child health clinic of the hospital from January 2015 to June 2017 were selected as observation objects. The physical development of infants and young children was measured. The parents were asked to fill in the questionnaire of infants and young children specially formulated in this study. And according to the survey， the relationship between physical development and feeding difficulty in infants and young children was analyzed. Results There were 102 cases of feeding difficulty， including 62 with mild feeding difficulty， 22 with moderate feeding difficulty and 18 with severe feeding difficulty in 500 infants and children. Among the 500 infants and children， there were 23 cases of growth retardation， 33 cases of low weight and 28 cases of weight loss. It was found by observation that the proportion of infants and young children with feeding difficulty in those with deviation of physique growth was significantly higher than that of the infants and young children without physical growth deviation（P<0.05）. The results of Pearson correlation analysis software showed that there was a positive correlation between deviation of physique growth and feeding difficulties in children of child health clinic（r=0.491， P<0.05）. Conclusion Feeding difficulty is one of the important factors leading to the deviation of physical growth of infants and young children. It is necessary to strengthen the education of infants and young children's feeding knowledge and strengthen the nutrition guidance and related knowledge to ensure the healthy growth of infants and young children.

[Key words] Child health clinic； Physical growth deviation； Feeding difficulties； Questionnaire； Nutritional guidance

嬰幼儿时期的生长发育对于其体格发育有着重要影响，同时还可能对患儿后续的生长造成较大的影响，容易出现各种疾病[1]。婴幼儿时期的生长发育受到各种因素的影响，主要为遗传因素和环境因素，遗传因素是无法控制的，环境因素主要包括营养支持、家庭护理和社区疾病等因素的影响[2]。在婴幼儿时期，尤其是2岁以前的儿童，营养支持对于其体格生长起着决定性的影响，而婴幼儿喂养对刚刚当上父母的家长来说是一个比较棘手的问题，导致婴幼儿缺乏生长所需的营养[3]。目前临床医学对于婴幼儿体格生长偏离与喂养困难之间的研究相对较少。因此，选取2015年1月～2017年6月500例医院儿童保健门诊部接收的婴幼儿，主要针对儿保门诊幼儿体格生长偏离与喂养困难之间的关系展开分析，现报道如下。……