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体位干预及取胎时限对新生儿脐动脉血气的影响

2018-04-26李巧平永美张耀飞

中国现代医生 2018年7期
关键词:剖宫产

李巧 平永美 张耀飞

[摘要] 目的 探討剖宫产中体位干预及取胎时限对新生儿脐动脉血气分析的影响。 方法 选取2014年6月~2016年1月在本院行硬膜外麻醉下择期剖宫产手术的产妇500例,随机分为对照组和研究组各250例,对照组产妇常规平卧位分娩,研究组产妇取右臀垫高30°体位分娩,新生儿出生后立即行脐动脉血气分析。 结果 两组产妇麻醉后、手术开始前、胎儿娩出时SBP相对麻醉前显著降低,但研究组降低程度相对较小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组pH(7.35±1.02)、PaO2值(17.10±3.50)mmHg,显著高于对照组pH(7.24±2.01)、PaO2值(12.20±4.30)mmHg,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组BE(-1.13±0.20)mmol/L、PaCO2(48.30±4.60)mmHg、乳酸值(3.42±0.62)mmol/L,显著低于对照组BE(-0.46±0.28)mmol/L、PaCO2(53.00±5.60)mmHg、乳酸值(4.15±0.48)mmol/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 剖宫产中体位干预能有效改善新生儿脐动脉血气情况,取胎时限对新生儿脐动脉血气分析结果具有重要影响。

[关键词] 剖宫产;体位干预;取胎时限;新生儿脐动脉血气分析

[中图分类号] R719.8 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2018)07-0118-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of body position intervention and fetus delivery time limit in cesarean section on umbilical arterial blood gas analysis in neonates. Methods From June 2014 to January 2016, 500 cases of puerpera who were given selective cesarean section under epidural anesthesia in our hospital were selected. The patients were randomly divided into control group and study group, with 250 cases in each group. The control group was given maternal supine routine childbirth, and the study group was given the body position of right hip blocking up for 30° for delivery. Umbilical artery blood gas analysis was carried out immediately after birth. Results SBP after anesthesia, before surgery and upon delivery in both groups was significantly lower than that before anesthesia, but the decreasing degree in the study group was relatively smaller, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); the values of pH(7.35±1.02), PaO2(17.10±3.50)mmHg in the study group were significantly higher than pH (7.24±2.01) and PaO2(12.20±4.30) mmHg in the control group. The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05); the values of BE(-1.13±0.20) mmol/L, PaCO2(48.30±4.60)mmHg and lactate (3.42±0.62) mmol/L in the study group were significantly lower than those of BE(-0.46±0.28) mmol/L, PaCO2(53.00±5.60)mmHg and lactate(4.15±0.48)mmol/L in the control group respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The body position intervention in cesarean section can effectively improve the neonatal umbilical artery blood gas. The fetal delivery time limit has a significant impact on the results of neonatal umbilical artery blood gas analysis.

[Key words] Cesarean section; Body position intervention; Fetal delivery time limit; Umbilical arterial blood gas analysis in neonates

近年来,我国剖宫产率逐年增高,但新生儿发病率、死亡率并未随之降低,剖宫产新生儿窒息率仍高达3%[1]。脐动脉血气分析作为评价胎儿氧和及酸碱状况最可靠指标,临床上常将其用于围生期窒息的诊断[2]。椎管内麻醉是剖宫产手术的首要麻醉方案,具有安全性高、起效快等特点,但术中低血压的发生率较高,易造成胎儿宫内缺氧[3]。因此,保持产妇血压平稳对于产妇及胎儿健康具有重要意义。有报道显示,剖宫产时对产妇体位进行干预能够改善血压状况[4]。剖宫产术中自子宫肌层切开后,手术医生徒手进入宫腔至胎儿取出夹闭脐带的时间被称为取胎时限,有研究显示取胎时限是引起新生儿缺氧甚至窒息的重要原因[5]。但目前国内相关研究仍较少。基于此,本研究选择2014年6月~2016年1月在本院行硬膜外麻醉下择期剖宫产手术的500例产妇,并对其进行不同体位的干预,并记录其取胎时限,分析体位干预及取胎时限对新生儿脐动脉血气分析的影响,以期为手术指导、预后预测提供参考依据。……

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