黄雪芬 林凯思 方婷婷 凌秋平

【摘要】 目的：分析老年糖尿病患者的心理状况及给予相应的护理干预措施的效果。方法：选取2014年6月-2016年5月本院收治的老年糖尿病患者140例，根据临床干预措施的不同将患者分为常规组和干预组，每组各70例。常规组实施基础治疗和常规运动干预，干预组在常规组基础上给予针对性的心理护理。观察两组患者干预前后的心理症状、血糖水平及患者干预后的生活质量。结果：干预后，两组患者各心理症状评分均低于干预前，且干预组均低于常规组，比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；干预后，两组空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白均低于干预前，且干预组均低于常规组，比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；干预后，干预组心理维度、生理维度、社会维度和满意度的评分均低于常规组，比较差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：分析老年糖尿病患者的心理状况并给予针对性的护理干预，可缓解患者的心理症状，降低患者的血糖水平，提高患者的生活质量。

【关键词】 糖尿病； 老年患者； 心理状况； 心理护理干预

【Abstract】 Objective：To analyze the psychological status of elderly with diabetes mellitus and the effect of nursing intervention.Method：A total of 140 elderly patients with diabetes mellitus treated in our hospital from June 2014 to May 2016 were selected，according to the different clinical intervention measures，they were divided into routine group and intervention group，70 cases in each group.The routine group was treated with basic therapy and routine exercise intervention，and intervention group was given specific psychological care on the basis of routine group.The psychological symptoms and blood glucose level before and after intervention，and the quality of life after intervention between two groups were observed.Result：After intervention，the scores of the psychological symptoms in two groups were all lower than those of before intervention，and intervention group were all lower than those of routine group，the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）.After intervention，the fasting blood glucose，postprandial 2 h blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in two groups were all lower than those of before intervention，and intervention group were lower than those of routine group，the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）.After intervention，the scores of psychological dimension，physiological dimension，social dimension and satisfaction degree of intervention group were all lower than those of conventional group，the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）.Conclusion：Analysis of the psychological status of elderly patients with diabetes mellitus and targeted nursing intervention can relieve psychological symptoms，reduce blood sugar level and improve the quality of life of patients.

【Key words】 Diabetes mellitus； Elderly patients； Psychological status； Psychological nursing intervention

First-authors address：Second Peoples Hospital of Longgang District，Shenzhen 518122，China

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.04.026

糖尿病是胰島素分泌相对不足或绝对不足引起的一组代谢紊乱综合征，与遗传因素、环境因素和生理性老化的关系密切[1]，随着病程的发展，易出现高血压、糖尿病足、肾功能疾病和神经损伤等并发症，加之老年患者身体机能衰退、心力、活力和判断力减退，患者会出现认知障碍、焦虑、抑郁等不良心理[2]。文献[3-4]报道，糖尿病与不良心理互为因素，具有“共病”的现象，以形成恶性循环。为了分析老年糖尿病患者的心理状况及相应的护理干预措施和效果，笔者选取140例老年糖尿病患者进行了本次研究，现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料 选取2014年6月-2016年5月本院收治的老年糖尿病患者140例。纳入标准：年龄≥60岁；符合中华医学会糖尿病学分会制定的《中国糖尿病防治指南》中的相关诊断标准[5]。排除标准：合并严重并发症、恶性肿瘤、重要脏器功能严重障碍及不能配合护理干预的患者。……