苏家恩 高娅北 李再光 王德勋 户艳霞 范志勇 王新中 孙军伟

摘 要：为探究堆捂自然变黄工艺对烤烟品质的影响，以红花大金元中部叶为试验材料，在烤前通过不同堆捂自然变黄处理，与常规烘烤工艺对比，研究其对烘烤过程中烟叶水分、色素等动态变化以及烤后烟叶化学成分、外观质量的影响。结果表明，与常规烘烤工艺相比，T1即烟叶堆捂自然变黄至60%时开火，对烟叶含水量动态影响不显著，但可适当增加烤中类胡萝卜素的降解，提高钾/氯值，提升烟叶品质；而T2即烟叶堆捂自然变黄至90%时开火，会减少烟叶及主脉在烘烤前期的失水量，增加烤中类胡萝卜素以及淀粉等大分子物质的降解，减少烟叶厚度及单叶质量，影响烤烟品质。因此，烟叶堆捂自然变黄至60%时开火进行烘烤具有可行性，可应用至实际生产过程中。

关键词：烤烟；堆捂自然变黄；品质；节能

中图分类号：S572 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2018.04.014

Study on Application of Natural Yellowing Process of Flue Cured Tobacco

SU jia'en1，GAO Yabei2， LI Zaiguang1， WANG Dexun1，HU Yanxia1，FAN Zhiyong1，WANG Xinzhong1，SUN Junwei1

（1.Dali Tobacco Company of Yunnan Province， Dali， Yunnan 671000， China； 2. College of Tobacco Science， Henan Agricultural University， Zhengzhou， Henan 450002， China）

Abstract： In order to study the effect of stacking natural yellowing process on the quality of flue-cured tobacco， the middle leaves of Honghuadajinyuan were used as test materials， different stacking natural yellowing treatments were set before baking， the conventional baking process was as control， the dynamic change of tobacco moisture and pigment as well as the chemical composition and appearance quality after tobacco baking. The results showed that： compared with conventional baking process， the treatment that stacking natural yellowing to 60%（T1） had no significant influence on the dynamic of tobacco water content， but had positive influence to increase the carotenoids degradation and potassium / chlorine value， improving the quality of tobacco； while the treatment that stacking natural yellowing to 90% （T2） would decrease the water loss of tobacco leaf and main vein in the early baking period of， increase the degradation of carotenoids， starch and other macromolecules， reduce the thickness and weight of tobacco leaf， causing the quality reduction of flue-cured tobacco. Therefore， it was feasible to fire and bake after stacking natural yellowing to 60%， which could be applied to the actual production process.

Key words： flue cured tobacco； stacking natural yellowing； quality； energy saving

隨着我国经济的迅猛发展，环保成为当前阶段面临的最大问题，节能减排是目前行业的主要任务。在密集烤房投入使用后，烤烟烘烤耗煤量实现从原来的2.5 kg·kg-1（标煤/竿烟）降低到了现在的1.5～2.0 kg·kg-1（标煤/竿烟）[1]。近年来，很多研究从烤房设备改造、改用新能源燃料以及改变烘烤方式等方面入手，来提高烘烤热能利用率、减少碳排放[2-8]。研究表明，在烤房开火前使用堆捂自然变黄工艺，可有效减少烟叶烘烤耗煤量，即可减少整个烘烤周期的碳排放量，实现烘烤节能减排的目的[9]。……