城郊地区新户籍制度改革的困境及对策
2018-04-24张昭颖于莉
张昭颖 于莉
摘 要:新中国成立初期建立起来的户籍制度已经不再适用于当前我国的社会发展形势,因此研究户籍制度改革对我国城市化发展和维护社会公平正义意义重大。通过对城郊地区户籍改革面临的困境进行研究,从剥离附着在户籍上的特殊利益、完善政府政策和加强转户农民的身份认同三个方面提出了促进户籍改革在城郊地区推进的对策措施,旨在推动新户籍改革政策在城郊地区的顺利实施,改变城乡的二元分化,促进我国城镇化的进一步发展。
关键词:城郊农民;户籍制度;户籍改革
中图分类号:D631.42 文献标志码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2018.04.008
Difficulties and Countermeasures of New Household Registration System Reform in Suburbs
ZHANG Zhaoying, YU Li
(College of Politics and Public Administration, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China)
Abstract: The household registration system established in the early days of new China was no longer applicable to the current situation of social development in China. Therefore, the research of the reform of household registration system was of great significance to the development of urbanization and maintain social fairness and justice. Through the study of some difficulties on the implementation of household registration reform, three aspects such as stripping the special interests attached to the household registration, improving the government policy and strengthening farmers' identity of citizens, put forward some measures of promoting the reform of household registration in suburban areas, to promote new household registration system reform in suburban areas, change the dual differentiation of urban and rural areas, and promote the further development of urbanization in China.
Key words: suburban farmers; household registration system; household registration reform
1 從户籍管理制度到新户籍制度改革
我国现行的户籍管理制度是以1958年颁布的《中华人民共和国户口登记条例》为核心,限制农民迁往城市的制度及其配套的措施。经过多年发展,我国的户籍管理制度不仅具有人口登记和管理的功能,还涉及到了公民的迁徙、教育、就业、住房和社会保障等各个方面。
1.1 我国户籍管理制度的建立
新中国成立后百废待兴,为了服务于国家建设,我国的户籍管理制度允许居民自由迁徙,并给予其法律方面的保障。这使得战乱后无序的居民很快趋于了稳定。
1.2 户籍管理制度人口控制功能的形成
1958年颁布的《中华人民共和国户口登记条例》中提出,农民必须持有特定机关或部门的证明才能进城。这一条例的提出,使得户籍制度具有了控制人口自由迁徙的功能,农民在户口上被固定了下来,自由迁徙变得不再可能,严格的户籍控制是由我国当时充满危机的政治经济背景决定的,但这种户籍上的管控政策也剥夺了城乡居民自由迁徙的权利。……
