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客车在不同侧风下的受力情况及安全性评价

2018-03-21余凤梅朱晖杨志刚

计算机辅助工程 2018年1期

余凤梅 朱晖 杨志刚

摘要:为研究大客车在定常侧风天气下的安全性,以BFC6120B2型大客车为参考车型,利用计算流体力学原理计算客车的受力,建立考虑悬架结构的三自由度车辆动力学模型和不考虑悬架结构的静力模型。结合2种模型研究客车在不同行驶条件下的响应,并进行安全性评价。结果表明:客车的受力并不是随着侧风风速的增大完全呈上升趋势;2种模型均预测出客车在雪、冰路面行驶有侧滑危险,在干、湿路面行驶无侧滑危险,4种路面行驶均无侧倾危险;静力模型预测到的侧滑危险情况过于乐观;三自由度动力学模型可预测因侧偏位移过大导致压线占道的危险情况。

关键词:定常侧风; 三自由度; 动力学模型; 静力模型; 响应; 侧滑危险; 侧偏位移

中图分类号:U461.91

文献标志码:B

文章编号:1006-0871(2018)01-0007-08

Abstract: To study the coach safety under steady crosswind, coach BFC6120B2 is taken as a reference model, and the aerodynamic force is calculated using computational fluid dynamics. The three degrees of freedom dynamic model considering the suspension structure, and the static model without considering the suspension structure are built. The coach responses under various driving conditions are studied using the two models, and the safety evaluation is carried out. The results show that the coach aerodynamic force is not increased always with the growing of crosswind speed. The two models both predict that there is sideslip risk on snowy and icy road, and no sideslip risk on dry and wet road. For all the four kinds of road conditions, there are no rollover risk, but the static model is too optimistic for the rollover risk. The three degrees of freedom dynamic model can predict the invading lane risk caused by oversized side displacement.

Key words: steady crosswind; three degrees of freedom; dynamic model; static model; response; sideslip risk; lateral displacement

0 引 言

侧风作用在自然环境中普遍存在。汽车高速行驶时若遭遇侧风作用,其行驶稳定性、操纵稳定性和乘坐舒适性可能会降低,甚至会偏离路线、侧翻等。同时,汽车流线化和轻量化趋势使汽车对侧风的响应更加敏感。[1]客车是公路旅客运输常见的交通工具。据交通运输部统计,2015年中国公路旅客运输量共达189.036亿人次,旅客周转量达12 210.69亿人公里。[2]客车侧向面积较大,对侧风的作用很敏感,若遭遇侧风发生事故,造成的人员和财产伤亡更严重。因此,研究客车在不同侧风下的受力及安全,可为客车的安全行驶提供一定的指导意义。

目前,侧风下汽车气动特性研究在国内外已不断趋于成熟。……

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