中美外交部发言人答记者问中模糊限制副词研究
2018-03-15李婧陈莉霞
李婧 陈莉霞


【摘 要】模糊限制副词作为模糊限制语的一部分,在外交部答记者问中起着至关重要的作用。对此,研究基于对国内外对模糊限制语及模糊限制副词的探究,以中美外交发言人答记者问语料库为研究对象,从外交语言的精确性与模糊性统一出发,对比分析了中美两国发言人语料库文本中使用模糊限制副词的特征及动因。结果显示,模糊限制副词在中美发言人答记者问中被频繁使用,多以程度副词,频率副词出现,近似副词和可能副词次之;其主要原因是模糊限制副词多出于刻意强调政治立场及规避冲突为主,既表明本国外交态度,有起到调节问答气氛的作用。
【关键词】模糊限制副词;外交部发言人答记者问;语料库
中图分类号: H030 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 2095-2457(2018)01-0111-003
【Abstract】Adverbs as a part of hedges have been utilized frequently in the diplomatic spokesmens remarks at press conferences. This comparative study is based on the research of hedges and adverbs at home and abroad, taking the self corpus of Chinese and American spokesmens remarks as objects. The features and reasons of adverbs in Chinese and American corpus will be explored with the accuracy and fuzziness of diplomatic language. The results show that, on one hand, the adverbs for hedging have been frequently used in Chinese and American spokesmens remarks. Besides, the occurrences of adverbs of indefinite degree and frequency are much more than probability adverbs and approximative adverbs. On the other hand, as far as the diplomatic language is concerned, adverbs for hedging play an important role in intentionally declaring political stand for national thoughts as well as avoiding conflicts for harmonious relationships.
【Key words】Adverbs for hedging; Spokesmens remarks at press conferences; Corpus
1 研究背景
認知语言学创始人George Lakoff (1973) 教授在美国控制论专家L. Zadeh(1965)“模糊集合论”启发下,最早提出模糊限制语这一概念,他认为所谓“模糊限制语是能使语言变得不那么模糊或更模糊的词语”(words whose job it is to make things fuzzier or less fuzzy) (1972: 183-228)。随后,中外学者们对模糊限制语进行了不同标准的分类(Prince et al., 1982, Salager-Meyer, 1994, Channell,1994,陈林华,1994,伍铁平,1999)。近年来,学者们更多地关注基于语料库对模糊限制语在不同文体中的使用特点及语用功能方面的研究(徐江,2014,王丽,2015,刘座雄, 2016,王晶晶,2016),或应用于二语习得的实证及量化研究(段士平,2014,陈建生,2015)。但中外学者使用语料库多以学术论文为主,鲜有通过建立政治外交语言语料库对英汉两种语言对比分析模糊限制语的研究,而对模糊限制副词的研究更是甚少。……
