张转+卫新东+王筛妮

摘要：为掌握渭北旱塬区耕地质量等别动态变化，加强耕地质量、数量、生态三位一体管护，以陕西省黄陵县为例，对耕地质量等别监测样点布控进行研究。采用多因素限制条件法、网格法和分层抽样法，对比提出县域耕地等别监测区样点布设和精度检验最佳方法。结果表明，县域耕地质量监测控制区划分依据自然质量控制区、土地利用等值区、土地经济等值区，通过ArcGIS空间叠加功能确定；综合确定监测样点布控的最佳方法为多因素限制条件法；黄陵县耕地质量等别监测布设45个监测点，经统计学检验，监测样点代表性程度较好，能夠全面监测和反映耕地质量等别动态变化。

关键词：土地利用；监测样点；多因素限制条件法；监测控制区

中图分类号：F301.21 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2018）02-0048-07

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2018.02.013

Abstract： To master dynamic changes of cultivated land quality and enhance the quality，quantity and ecological protection of cultivated land，chosing Huangling county in Shaanxi province as an example，monitoring samples of cultivated land quality were studied. Multi-factor constraints method，grid method and stratified sampling method were used to do comparative analysis seeking for the best way to establish monitoring samples and check the acceptance at the county level. The results showed that monitoring control areas were divided according to natural quality control area，land use equivalent area and land economic equivalent area by using ArcGIS spatial overlay analysis. Multi-factor constraints method was selected as the best way for this research. The Huangling county was divided into 45 monitoring samples. After statistical examination，it shown a good representativeness of monitoring samples，which were able to monitor the dynamic changes of cultivated land comprehensively.

Key words： land use； monitoring sample； multi-factor constraints method； monitoring control area

中国人口众多，土地资源相对缺乏，耕地资源尤为稀缺，已不足世界人均耕地的40%[1]。在人均耕地资源紧缺条件下，有限的耕地资源迫使农户土地利用目标多样，使国家政策调控的空间有限[2-4]。为有效缓解耕地数量不足、质量不高、生态环境不断退化带来的危机，中国的耕地保护工作已从数量管理、数量质量并重管理，向数量、质量和生态管护三位一体转变[5]。同时，实施耕地质量监测，掌握耕地质量动态变化，是进行耕地质量宏观精准管理的基础[6]。以陕西省为例，在耕地数量管理方面，构建了比较完整的土地数量调查制度和技术支撑体系；但在耕地质量管理方面，目前还处于探索阶段。……