陈翠丽 简素仪

[摘要]目的 分析综合性护理对腹泻患儿腹泻症状改善效果的影响。方法 选取我院2017年4月～2018年4月收治的180例腹泻患儿作为研究对象，采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和实验组，每组各90例。对照组实施常规护理，实验组在对照组的基础上实施综合性护理干预。比较两组干预后的临床症状和体征改善情况、住院时间、住院费用及患儿家长满意度。结果 干预后实验组的腹泻改善时间、呕吐改善时间、退热改善时间均短于对照组，大便次数少于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；实验组的住院时间明显短于对照组，住院费用明显低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；实验组患儿家长的总满意度为88.89%，明显高于对照组的66.67%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 对腹泻患儿行综合护理干预，能改善患儿的临床症状和体征，减少其住院时间和住院费用，且可提高患儿家长的满意度，值得临床进一步推广使用。

[关键词]综合性护理；腹泻；住院患儿；腹泻症状；效果

[中图分类号] R473.72 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721（2018）12（c）-0219-03

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the effect of comprehensive nursing on the improvement of diarrhea symptoms in hospitalized children with diarrhea. Methods All of 180 children with diarrhea admitted to our hospital from April 2017 to April 2018 were selected. They were divided into control group and experimental group according to random number table method. The control group carried out routine nursing， the experimental group was implemented comprehensive nursing intervention on the basis of the control group. The improvement of clinical symptoms and signs， length of hospitalization， hospitalization costs and satisfaction of parents were compared between the two groups. Results The improvement time of diarrhea， vomiting and fever in the experimental group after intervention was shorter than that of the control group， and the number of stools was less than that of the control group. The differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The time of hospitalization in the experimental group was significantly shorter than that of the control group， and the cost of hospitalization was significantly lower than that of the control group， which were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The total satisfaction of the parents of the children in the experimental group was 88.89%， which was significantly higher than that of the control group of 66.67%， which was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion Comprehensive nursing intervention for children with diarrhea can improve the clinical symptoms and signs， reduce the time and cost of hospitalization， and improve the satisfaction of parents of children， which is worthy of further promotion and use.

[Key words] Comprehensive care； Diarrhoea； Inpatient children； Diarrhoea symptoms； Effect

小兒腹泻是多病原、多因素引起的以腹泻为主的一组疾病。多见于2岁以下婴幼儿[1]。由细菌（致病性大肠埃希菌、产毒性大肠埃希、出血性大肠埃希菌、侵袭性大肠埃希菌以及鼠伤寒沙门菌、空肠弯曲菌、耶氏菌、金葡菌等）病毒（主要为人类轮状病毒及其他肠道病毒）、寄生虫、真菌等引起。肠道外感染、滥用抗生素所致的肠道菌群紊乱、过敏、喂养不当及气候因素也可致病[2]。其根据病情可分为轻型腹泻（体温正常或有低热，全身症状不明显，无水电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱）和重型腹泻（有严重的胃肠道症状，还伴有重度的水电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱、明显的全身中毒症状），主要表现为大便次数多，性状改变，伴发热、呕吐、腹痛等症状，若不及时治疗，可在短时间内发生水、电解质紊乱，严重危及患儿生命[3]。……