台湾地区失智老人安养院的社会工作者角色
2018-02-09吴际赵碧华
吴际+赵碧华
关键词: 失智老人;社会工作者;安养院;台湾地区
摘要: 在提出失智老人安养问题与需求的基础上,通过对台湾地区NY安养院的案例分析,提炼了社会工作者在个体层面承担的失智老人的临床工作者、适应安养环境的使能者角色,在家庭/机构层面所承担的家庭关系的协调者、安养院的行政管理者、员工的培训者/教育者、康复项目协调者角色,在社区层面所承担的失智老人社区资源的经纪人、社区项目的计划者角色,以及在多层面所承担的老人康复系统综合角色。以上述结论为基础,提出了对大陆地区失智老人安养院社会工作者角色的四方面启示,即帮助老人适应安养院环境不能局限于习惯生活而需形成机构内社区;协调家庭关系与功能需将家属纳入老人的康复主体;科学管理、协调安养院多领域合作、培训员工是老人康复项目的保障;安养院社会工作者需综合介入微观、中观、宏观多个层面,才能促进失智老人个人、家庭、机构和社区系统的成长和发展。
中图分类号: C916
文献标志码: A
文章编号: 10012435(2017)04047407
Key words: elderly with dementia, social workers, nursing institutions, the Taiwan region
Abstract: Based on the nursing problems and requirements of elderly with dementia, and by the case study of NY nursing institutions in Taiwan, it epurates that, on the individual level, clinical worker and enabler roles of elderly with dementia; on the family/institution level, coordinator role of family relation, institution administrator role, employee's trainer/educator role, rehabilitation program coordinator role; on the community level, roles of resource agent and program designer; on the multilevel, comprehensive roles of rehabilitation system. The conclusion above proposes reference for roles of social worker in nursing institutions of elderly with dementia in mainland China in four aspects: to help the elderly adapt to nursing home environment is not limited to the living habits but form the mechanism within the community; to coordinate family relations family members should be included in the rehabilitation subjects of the elderly; to manage and coordinate scientifically security staff in many fields and cooperation training in nursing homes is guarantee for rehabilitation project; social workers need the comprehensive intervention in micro, medium and macro aspects, and can just promote the growth and development of elderly with dementia personal, family, institution and community system.
據全国老龄办的预计,到2030年我国60岁以上老人将占全部人口的30%。[1]23我国老龄化的突出问题之一是失智老人迅速增加,到2017年失智老人将超过800万,加上每年30万的新发病例,估计到2050年将增至2000万以上。[2]我国大部分失智老人由家庭照顾,部分家庭因不堪重负聘请了保姆,而保姆与家属都存在专业护理知识与技巧不足等问题,可见失智老人专业服务需求迫切,而大陆失智老人专业养老机构寥寥无几。……
