何晓冰+王晓强+葛少华+李朋彦+常栋

摘要：采用地统计学和地理信息系统相结合的方法，运用克里格插值和栅格运算绘制空间分布图和时间稳定性图，对烟草生育期土壤中有效铁和有效锰含量的时空变异规律进行研究。结果表明，研究区域内土壤有效Fe和有效Mn在7月份和10月份具有强烈的空间相关性，块金系数均小于25%；4月份土壤有效Fe和有效Mn的块金系数分别为50.00%和36.10%，具有中等的空间相关性。时间稳定性分析表明，土壤有效Fe的时间稳定性较强，而有效Mn较弱，其时间变异系数大于25%的不稳定区域面积较广。研究区域内土壤有效Fe和Mn在空间分布和时间尺度上均有不同程度的变异。在烟叶生产过程中，应根据土壤中有效铁和锰的变化规律，注意对微肥的施用。

关键词：植烟土壤；有效铁；有效锰；时空变异；克里格插值法

中图分类号：S158：S572文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）01-0101-06

Abstract Using the method of geo-statistics combined with geographic information system （GIS）， the maps of spatial distribution and temporal stability were drawn with Kriging interpolation and raster calculation， and the spatial-temporal variation of available iron and manganese contents in soil during tobacco growth season was researched. The results showed that the soil available iron and manganese conents in research regions had strongly spatial correlation in July and October， and their nugget coefficients were lower than 25%. In April， the nugget coefficient of available iron and manganese were 50.00% and 36.10% respectively， and showed moderate spatial correlation. The analysis results of temporal stability indicated that available iron had higher temporal stability， while that of available manganese was weaker for more widely area of unstable region with the time frame variation coefficient more than 25%. Soil available iron and manganese in research regions had variation in different degrees in spatial distribution and time scale. During the tobacco production， we should pay attention to micronutrient fertilizer application according to the changing rules of soil available iron and manganese.

Keywords Tobacco field； Available iron； Available manganese； Spatial-temporal variation； Kriging interpolation

土壤養分的时空变异性包括不同时间尺度和空间尺度上的动态变化[1-3]。随着化肥施用量的增加，土壤中的微量元素逐渐失衡[4，5]。铁和锰是作物必需的营养元素，铁与烟叶香气前体物的形成密切相关，锰参与烟株的光合、呼吸和氧化等重要的生理生化过程[6-10] 。而微量元素平时施用较少，大多随有机肥施入土壤中，为了烟叶的正常生长，有必要对植烟土壤中铁和锰的时空变异性进行研究。高博超等[11]研究认为在烟田养分管理与施肥方面应根据植烟土壤养分的空间变异特征因地制宜进行。孔毅等[12]提出在小尺度下的烟田土壤养分的变异可导致烟株长势不均匀，化学成分不协调。……