王彩洁+李伟+徐冉+张礼凤+张彦威

摘要：选取齐黄34等黄淮海地区推广的8个大豆品种，研究其在苗期、花期和全生育期的抗旱性。结果显示，苗期、花期和全生育期干旱处理都对大豆生长发育造成一定影响，苗期干旱主要影响根系总长和表面积等根系性状，花期干旱主要影响茎粗和生育期等性状，全生育期干旱对株高、根系和产量性状产生全面影响。在所有供试品种中，徐豆14 三个时期抗旱性均表现较好，是一个综合抗旱性较好的品种，冀豆17在苗期和花期干旱处理中表现较好，齐黄34在全生育期干旱处理中表现较好。

关键词：大豆；苗期；花期；全生育期；抗旱性

中图分类号：S565.1文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2018）01-0067-04

Abstract Eight soybean cultivars planted in Huang-Huai-Hai Valley region were selected for the experiment， and their drought resistance was evaluated at seedling， flowering and the whole growth stages. The results showed that there were certain influences on soybean growth when drought at seedling， flowering and the whole growth stages. The total length and surface area of roots were mainly affected by drought at seedling stage， the traits including stem thickness and growth period were affected by drought at flowering stage， and the plant height， root and yield traits were affected by the whole growth stage drought. Among all the cultivars in the experiment， Xudou 14 had better performance in drought resistance during the three stages， so it was a comprehensively drought-resistant variety；Jidou 17 had better drought resistance during the seedling and flowering stages， and Qihuang 34 had better drought resistance in the whole growth stage.

Keywords Soybean； Seedling stage； Flowering stage； Whole growth stage； Drought resistance

我國干旱、半干旱地区占全国土地面积的52.5%，其中半干旱地区占21.7%。在我国大豆产区，大豆生长期间均会遭遇不同程度的干旱，尤其是在北方旱作区，因干旱产生的水分胁迫效应对大豆产量的降低作用大于其它自然灾害的总和[1]。在绝大多数年份，大豆生产都处于相对干旱胁迫条件之下，正常的丰产潜力难以得到呈现，只是年度间影响程度不同而已[2]。严重干旱条件下大豆的减产幅度可达71%以上，一般干旱年份大豆减产也在30%～60%之间，较湿润年份减产0～20%。王磊等（2006）[3]研究发现，干旱胁迫使大豆叶片的气孔导度下降，净光合速率也急剧下降。庞艳梅（2008）[4]研究显示，干旱胁迫抑制了大豆叶片生长，使叶面积减小、叶绿素含量下降。因此培育和筛选抗干旱的大豆品种，对于我国大豆的稳产增产意义重大。……