刘茜+刘彦杰+李泓+赵震+曹磊+冯阳+丁聪

摘 要：文章利用国标方法GB22105.1-2008、GB22105.2-2008和HJ680-2013对标准土壤样品进行砷、汞元素的测定，通过实验发现水浴消解方法的准确度、精密性等指标都优于微波消解。对微波消解方法存在的问题，提出改进措施，进行实验，改进效果明显。采集北京东郊地区土壤18个样品（以林地为主），利用水浴消解进行前处理，原子荧光法测定砷、汞；利用单因子污染指数法进行评价，砷和汞均属于清洁安全等级。利用瑞典科学家Hakanson的潜在生态危害指数，对砷、汞的潜在生态危害程度进行评价，砷（18个样品）的生态危害程度都在微弱生态危害级别，汞的生态危害程度13个样品为微弱的生态危害，5个样品为轻微的生态危害。因此，北京东郊林地土壤砷、汞的潜在生态危害较低。

关键词：砷；汞；水浴消解；微波消解；现状评价；潜在生态；危害指数

中图分类号：O613 文献标志码：A 文章编号：2095-2945（2018）05-0007-04

Abstract： In this paper， GB22105.1-2008， GB22105.2-2008 and HJ680-2013 are used to determine arsenic and mercury in standard soil samples. The experimental results show that the accuracy and precision of water bath digestion are better than microwave digestion. For the existing problems of microwave digestion method， the improvement measures are put forward， and the experiment results show that the improvement effect is obvious. Eighteen soil samples （mainly from woodland） were collected from eastern suburb of Beijing. Water bath was used for pretreatment and atomic fluorescence spectrometry（AFS） was used to determine arsenic and mercury. Using the single factor pollution index method， arsenic and mercury are classified as clean safety grade. The potential ecological hazard degree of arsenic and mercury is evaluated by using the potential ecological hazard index of Swedish scientist Hakanson. The ecological hazard degree of arsenic （18 samples） is within the weak ecological hazard level. The ecological hazard degree of mercury was weak in 13 samples and slight in 5 samples. Therefore， the potential ecological harm of arsenic and mercury in forest soil of eastern suburb of Beijing is low.

Keywords： arsenic； mercury； water bath digestion； microwave digestion； status evaluation； potential ecology； hazard index

1 概述

砷、汞对人类和高等生物具有极大危害性，砷不仅具有毒性，长期接触可致癌、致畸、致突变。低分子量的有机汞能引起神经系统的严重缺陷表现出强烈的致畸致癌和致突变活性[1]。因此，砷、汞是国家环保局和USEPA的重点监控元素之一，对环境及人体健康极具危害。

目前土壤中砷、汞消解方法主要有湿法和干法两种[2]，湿法是应用最广泛的方法，其中又可分为多种方法，但不同的消解方法对样品的消解程度不完全一致，进而影响最后的测定值，为了了解哪种方法更适合土壤中总……