于洪伟

need既可以用作情态动词、实义动词，还可以用作名词。need词义简单，用法却不简单。

一、用作情态动词

表示必要，后接动词原形。

1. 通常用在疑问句、否定句中。

疑问式：Need +主语+ do...？

否定式：neednt + do...

Need you go yet？你一定要去吗？

No， I neednt. 不一定要去。

You neednt clean the house now. 你不必现在打扫房子。

2. need引导的疑问句，肯定回答要用must。

—Need I call him up now？我需要现在给他打电话吗？

—Yes， you must. 是的，必需打。

—No， you neednt. 不，不必。

3. need have done的否定式或疑问式，表示“做了不必做的事”。

否定式：neednt have done sth本不必做某事（事实上做了）

疑问式：Need +主语+ have done sth？当时非得做某事吗？

You neednt have told him because I had already told him about it. 你本没必要告诉他，因为我已经告诉他这件事了。

Need you have sold the house？你那时非得把房子卖掉吗？

二、用作实义动词

表示需要（require， want）或义务。

1. 可用于肯定句、疑问句和否定句。

肯定式：need to do sth

否定式：dont / doesnt /didnt need to do sth

疑问式：do +主语+ need to do sth？

I need to consult a dictionary. 我需要查词典。

She doesnt need to do the cooking. 她不必做饭。

Does she need to do the cooking？她需要做饭吗？

Yes， she does. 是的，她需要做饭。

No， she doesnt. 不，她不必做饭。

2. need + 名词

They need my love and care. 他们需要我的关爱。

3. need doing表示被动含义。

The clothes need washing.这些衣服需要洗了。

= The clothes need to be washed.

三、用作名词

satisfy /meet their needs满足他们的需要。

We are in need of your help. 我们需要你的帮助。

A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。

There is no need to persuade him to follow my advice. 没必要说服他采纳我的意见。

Theres no need for you to start yet. 你现在还不必动身。

There isnt much need for further research. 沒有必要进一步的实验。endprint